Abstract
Abstract Peanut seedling emergence is not uniform in some years. Lack of uniformity is most prevalent among the large-seeded peanut types (Virginia and Runner). Variations in the degree of dormancy of the large-seeded peanuts are a contributing factor. A procedure is described that will aid in increasing uniformity of large-seeded peanut seedling emergence by overcoming the dormancy factor. A dust formulation of Ethrel (15%/W) was diluted with fungicide (Orthocide/Botran, 60-20 S.P. dust PN 5213) and applied to dry, Virginia-type ‘NC-13’ peanut seeds by shaking in a plastic bag. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3 and 5% Ethrel were tested for their effects on rate and total emergence of dormant seeds from vermiculite/sand potting mixtures and from 3 different soils. Also, seeds were stored after treatment and then planted at monthly intervals in soil to test the stability of the Ethrel-fungicide mixture, as indicated by the emergence of the initially dormant seeds. All concentrations of Ethrel released the seeds from dormancy and achieved at least 90% emergence, except at the 0.5% concentration. Compared to the other concentrations, 1% Ethrel provided the most rapid rate of emergence. Growth of the hypocotyl-radicle of afterripened, NC-13 seed samples treated with the 1% concentration was initially slower than that of the controls, but recovery had occurred by the 5th day from planting. However, emeregnce of nondormant ‘Starr’, Spanish-type seedlings was retarded by 1%, but not by 0.5% Ethrel. The Ethrel-fungicide mixture remained stable in storage for 6 months. Field plantings at two locations of dormant, 1% Ethrel-treated seeds resulted in greater than 95% emergence, but the rate of emergence was slower at one location. The data suggest that the Ethrel dust could be combined with the usual fungicide treatment of peanut seeds to stimulate germination of dormant seeds in the field.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Large-seeded peanut types had the greatest nonuniform emergence.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Material
- Virginia and Runnere0
- Outcome
- Lack of uniformitye0
- Direction
- most prevalente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lack of uniformity is most prevalent among the large-seeded peanut types (Virginia and Runner).”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested Ethrel concentrations except 0.5% released dormant NC-13 seeds and achieved at least 90% emergence.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- NC-13e1
- Treatment
- Ethrele0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- at least 90%e0
- Comparator
- 0.5% concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All concentrations of Ethrel released the seeds from dormancy and achieved at least 90% emergence, except at the 0.5% concentration.”
e1“Virginia-type ‘NC-13’ peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent Ethrel provided the fastest emergence among tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- NC-13e1
- Treatment
- 1% Ethrele0
- Outcome
- rate of emergencee0
- Direction
- most rapide0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the other concentrations, 1% Ethrel provided the most rapid rate of emergence.”
e1“Virginia-type ‘NC-13’ peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent Ethrel initially slowed hypocotyl-radicle growth of afterripened NC-13 seeds relative to controls.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- NC-13e0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyl-radiclee0
- Treatment
- 1% concentratione0
- Outcome
- Growth of the hypocotyl-radiclee0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Qualifier
- initiallye0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of the hypocotyl-radicle of afterripened, NC-13 seed samples treated with the 1% concentration was initially slower than that of the controls”
e1“Virginia-type ‘NC-13’ peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The treated NC-13 growth rate recovered by day five.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- NC-13e1
- Outcome
- recoverye0
- Qualifier
- by the 5th day from plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovery had occurred by the 5th day from planting”
e1“Virginia-type ‘NC-13’ peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent Ethrel retarded emergence of nondormant Starr seedlings.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- Starre0
- Treatment
- 1%e0
- Outcome
- emeregncee0
- Direction
- retardede0
- Comparator
- 0.5% Ethrele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emeregnce of nondormant ‘Starr’, Spanish-type seedlings was retarded by 1%, but not by 0.5% Ethrel”
e1“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-percent Ethrel did not retard emergence of nondormant Starr seedlings.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- Starre0
- Treatment
- 0.5% Ethrele0
- Outcome
- emeregncee0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- 1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emeregnce of nondormant ‘Starr’, Spanish-type seedlings was retarded by 1%, but not by 0.5% Ethrel”
e1“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ethrel-fungicide mixture remained stable for six months in storage.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- remained stable in storagee0
- Value
- 6 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ethrel-fungicide mixture remained stable in storage for 6 months.”
e1“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant seeds treated with 1% Ethrel exceeded 95% field emergence at two locations.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 1% Ethrel-treatede0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Setting
- two locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field plantings at two locations of dormant, 1% Ethrel-treated seeds resulted in greater than 95% emergence”
e1“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field emergence rate was slower at one location.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- rate of emergencee0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Setting
- one locatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of emergence was slower at one location”
e1“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest adding Ethrel dust to usual fungicide seed treatment to stimulate dormant peanut germination in the field.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- combined with the usual fungicide treatment of peanut seeds to stimulate germination of dormant seeds in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethrel dust could be combined with the usual fungicide treatment of peanut seeds to stimulate germination of dormant seeds in the field”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.