Abstract
About 70% of the protein for human consumption is derived from plants, with cereals as the most important source. Wheat bran protein has a more balanced amino acid profile than that of flour. We here for the first time report the amino acid, size exclusion, and SDS-PAGE profiles of bran Osborne protein fractions (OPFs). Moreover, we also investigated how OPFs are affected when physical barriers which entrap proteins in bran tissues are removed. Albumin/globulin is the most abundant OPF. It is richer in lysine and asparagine/aspartic acid than other OPF. Most bran albumin/globulin proteins have a molecular weight (MW) lower than 30 k and their chromatographic profiles differ from those of flour. The prolamin has high levels of proline and glutamine/glutamic acid. It is rich in proteins with a MW of 30 to 45 k and about 66 k reflecting contamination with gliadin from endosperm. The glutelin has high levels of glycine, proline, and glutamine/glutamic acid. Its protein is of intermediate and high MW with little protein with MW lower than 30 k. The high (MWs from 80 to 120 k) and low (MW around 45 k) MW glutenin subunits of flour are also present in bran. The glutelin of wheat endosperm is named glutenin. Ball milling releases albumin/globulin and glutelin but not prolamin. Not all glutelin was endosperm glutenin as a substantial part was entrapped in the aleurone cells.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Albumin/globulin was the most abundant wheat bran protein fraction.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Albumin/globulin is the most abundant OPFe0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Albumin/globulin is the most abundant OPF.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran albumin/globulin was richer in lysine and asparagine/aspartic acid than other fractions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- lysine and asparagine/aspartic acide0
- Direction
- richere0
- Comparator
- other OPFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is richer in lysine and asparagine/aspartic acid than other OPF.”
e1“Albumin/globulin is the most abundant OPF.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most bran albumin/globulin proteins were below 30 k molecular weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- molecular weight (MW)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 30 ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most bran albumin/globulin proteins have a molecular weight (MW) lower than 30 k”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran albumin/globulin chromatographic profiles differed from flour profiles.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chromatographic profilese0
- Direction
- differe0
- Comparator
- floure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their chromatographic profiles differ from those of flour.”
e1“Most bran albumin/globulin proteins”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat bran prolamin had high proline and glutamine/glutamic acid levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high levels of proline and glutamine/glutamic acide0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prolamin has high levels of proline and glutamine/glutamic acid.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran prolamin was rich in proteins of 30 to 45 k molecular weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proteins with a MWe0
- Direction
- riche0
- Value
- 30 to 45 ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is rich in proteins with a MW of 30 to 45 k and about 66 k reflecting contamination with gliadin from endosperm.”
e1“The prolamin has high levels”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran prolamin also had protein around 66 k, attributed to endosperm gliadin contamination.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- contamination with gliadin from endosperme0
- Value
- 66 ke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 66 k reflecting contamination with gliadin from endosperm.”
e1“The prolamin has high levels”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran glutelin had high glycine, proline and glutamine/glutamic acid levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high levels of glycine, proline, and glutamine/glutamic acide0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutelin has high levels of glycine, proline, and glutamine/glutamic acid.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bran glutelin had intermediate and high molecular weight proteins, with few below 30 k.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- intermediate and high MW with little protein with MW lower than 30 ke0
- Direction
- littlee0
- Value
- 30 ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its protein is of intermediate and high MW with little protein with MW lower than 30 k.”
e1“The glutelin has high levels”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flour high molecular weight glutenin subunits were also present in bran.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high (MWs from 80 to 120 k)e0
- Value
- 80 to 120 ke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high (MWs from 80 to 120 k) and low (MW around 45 k) MW glutenin subunits of flour are also present in bran.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flour low molecular weight glutenin subunits were also present in bran.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- low (MW around 45 k)e0
- Value
- 45 ke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high (MWs from 80 to 120 k) and low (MW around 45 k) MW glutenin subunits of flour are also present in bran.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ball milling released wheat bran albumin/globulin.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ball millinge0
- Outcome
- albumin/globuline0
- Direction
- releasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ball milling releases albumin/globulin and glutelin but not prolamin.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ball milling released wheat bran glutelin.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ball millinge0
- Outcome
- gluteline0
- Direction
- releasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ball milling releases albumin/globulin and glutelin but not prolamin.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ball milling did not release wheat bran prolamin.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ball millinge0
- Outcome
- prolamine0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ball milling releases albumin/globulin and glutelin but not prolamin.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A substantial portion of bran glutelin was trapped in aleurone cells and was not endosperm glutenin.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- aleurone cellse0
- Outcome
- a substantial part was entrapped in the aleurone cellse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Not all glutelin was endosperm glutenin as a substantial part was entrapped in the aleurone cells.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
processing · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.