Abstract
The vegetative development of the maize shoot can be divided into juvenile and adult phases based on the types of leaves produced at different times in shoot development. Models for the regulation of phase change make explicit predictions about when the identity of these types of leaves is determined. To test these models, we examined the timing of leaf type determination in maize. Clones induced in transition leaf primordia demonstrated that the juvenile and adult regions of these leaves do not become clonally distinct until after the primordium is 700 microm in length, implying that these cell fates were undetermined at this stage of leaf development. Adult shoot apices were cultured in vitro to induce rejuvenation. We found that leaf primordia as large as 3 mm in length can be at least partially rejuvenated by this treatment, and the location of rejuvenated tissue is correlated with the maturation pattern of the leaf. The amount and distribution of juvenile tissue in rejuvenated leaves suggests that rejuvenation occurs nearly simultaneously in all leaf primordia. In vitro culture rejuvenated existing leaf primordia and the P0 primordium, but did not change the identity of subsequent primordia or the total number of leaves produced by the shoot. This result suggests that leaf identity can be regulated independently of the identity of the shoot apical meristem, and it implies that vegetative phase change is not initiated by a change in the identity of the shoot apical meristem.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Juvenile and adult regions of transition leaves did not become clonally distinct until primordia exceeded 700 microm.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the juvenile and adult regions of these leaves do not become clonally distinct until after the primordium is 700 microm in length”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro culture at least partly rejuvenated leaf primordia as large as 3 mm.
- Organ / stage
- leaf primordiae0
- Treatment
- cultured in vitroe1
- Outcome
- at least partially rejuvenatede0
- Value
- 3 mme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf primordia as large as 3 mm in length can be at least partially rejuvenated by this treatment”
e1“Adult shoot apices were cultured in vitro to induce rejuvenation”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
The location of rejuvenated tissue correlated with the maturation pattern of the leaf.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the location of rejuvenated tissue is correlated with the maturation pattern of the leaf”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
The juvenile-tissue pattern suggested near-simultaneous rejuvenation across leaf primordia.
- Organ / stage
- leaf primordiae0
- Outcome
- rejuvenation occurs nearly simultaneously in all leaf primordiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount and distribution of juvenile tissue in rejuvenated leaves suggests that rejuvenation occurs nearly simultaneously in all leaf primordia”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro culture rejuvenated existing leaf primordia and P0 primordium.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro culture rejuvenated existing leaf primordia and the P0 primordium”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro culture did not change subsequent primordia identity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro culture rejuvenated existing leaf primordia and the P0 primordium, but did not change the identity of subsequent primordia”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro culture did not change total leaf number.
- Treatment
- In vitro culturee1
- Outcome
- total number of leaves produced by the shoote0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not change the identity of subsequent primordia or the total number of leaves produced by the shoot”
e1“In vitro culture rejuvenated existing leaf primordia”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf identity can be regulated independently of shoot apical meristem identity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf identity can be regulated independently of the identity of the shoot apical meristem”
t0“maize leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative phase change was inferred not to start with a change in shoot apical meristem identity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vegetative phase change is not initiated by a change in the identity of the shoot apical meristem”
t0“maize leaf”
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in vitro · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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