Abstract
summary A simple method for the study of adventitious root initiation on Sitka spruce [ Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] hypocotyl cuttings is described and was used to examine the effects of plant growth regulators. Twenty‐one‐day‐old seedlings, grown at a low light intensity (15–20 μmol m −2 s −1 ) to stimulate hypocotyl elongation, provided easy to handle tissues which were responsive to root inducing treatments. Spontaneous rooting only occurred at a low frequency on untreated cuttings and reliable rooting depended upon auxin treatment. When continuous auxin treatment was used, indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) was more effective than either indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and was optimal between 10 −6 and 10 −5 M. Pulse treatments with 10 −3 M IBA for as little as 10 min were sufficient to stimulate rooting. All other growth regulators examined were inhibitory to IBA induced rooting. 6‐benzylaminopurine (BA) was the most active being inhibitory down to a concentration of 3 × 10 −7 M when it was applied in a mixture with IBA. Pre‐treatment of hypocotyl cuttings with BA prior to auxin treatment demonstrated strong cytokinin ‘carry‐over’ inhibitory effects on rooting. Gibberellic acid A 3 (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA) and 2‐chloroethyl‐phosphoric acid (ethrel) were less potent inhibitors of rooting.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low-light-grown seedlings supplied cuttings responsive to rooting treatments.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
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Picea sitchensise1 - Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- responsive to root inducing treatmentse0
- Value
- 15–20 μmol m −2 s −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Twenty‐one‐day‐old seedlings, grown at a low light intensity (15–20 μmol m −2 s −1 ) to stimulate hypocotyl elongation, provided easy to handle tissues which were responsive to root inducing treatments”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated cuttings rooted spontaneously only rarely.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Outcome
- Spontaneous rootinge0
- Qualifier
- low frequencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spontaneous rooting only occurred at a low frequency on untreated cuttings”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reliable rooting depended on auxin treatment.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise2
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Comparator
- untreated cuttingse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliable rooting depended upon auxin treatment”
e1“untreated cuttings”
e2“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous IBA was more effective for rooting than IAA or NAA, with optimum 10 −6 to 10 −5 M.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA)e0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 10 −6 and 10 −5 Me0
- Comparator
- indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) was more effective than either indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and was optimal between 10 −6 and 10 −5 M”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10-minute pulse of 10 −3 M IBA stimulated rooting.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- 10 −3 M IBAe0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Value
- 10 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pulse treatments with 10 −3 M IBA for as little as 10 min were sufficient to stimulate rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other growth regulators inhibited IBA-induced rooting.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- All other growth regulators examinede0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- IBAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All other growth regulators examined were inhibitory to IBA induced rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA was the most active inhibitor of IBA-induced rooting, acting down to 3 × 10 −7 M.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise2
- Treatment
- 6‐benzylaminopurine (BA)e0
- Outcome
- rootinge1
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Value
- 3 × 10 −7 Me0
- Comparator
- IBAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6‐benzylaminopurine (BA) was the most active being inhibitory down to a concentration of 3 × 10 −7 M when it was applied in a mixture with IBA”
e1“IBA induced rooting”
e2“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA pretreatment exerted a strong carry-over inhibition on rooting.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyl cuttingse0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- auxin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐treatment of hypocotyl cuttings with BA prior to auxin treatment demonstrated strong cytokinin ‘carry‐over’ inhibitory effects on rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid A 3 was a less potent rooting inhibitor.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acid A 3 (GA 3 )e0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- less potent inhibitorse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid A 3 (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA) and 2‐chloroethyl‐phosphoric acid (ethrel) were less potent inhibitors of rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid was a less potent rooting inhibitor.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- less potent inhibitorse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid A 3 (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA) and 2‐chloroethyl‐phosphoric acid (ethrel) were less potent inhibitors of rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel was a less potent rooting inhibitor.
- Taxon
- Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Picea sitchensise1
- Treatment
- 2‐chloroethyl‐phosphoric acid (ethrel)e0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- less potent inhibitorse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid A 3 (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA) and 2‐chloroethyl‐phosphoric acid (ethrel) were less potent inhibitors of rooting”
e1“Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · growth · Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.