Abstract
In this study, the effect of melatonin on the postharvest ripening and quality improvement of tomato fruit was carried out. The tomatoes were immersed in exogenous melatonin for 2h, and then the related physiological indicators and the expression of genes during post-harvest life were evaluated. Compared with control check (CK), the 50 µM melatonin treatment significantly increased lycopene levels by 5.8-fold. Meanwhile, the key genes involved in fruit colour development, including phytoene synthase1 (PSY1) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), showed a 2-fold increase in expression levels. The rate of water loss from tomato fruit also increased 8.3%, and the expression of aquaporin genes, such as SlPIP12Q, SlPIPQ, SlPIP21Q, and SlPIP22, was up-regulated 2- to 3-fold under 50 µM melatonin treatment. In addition, 50 µM melatonin treatment enhanced fruit softening, increased water-soluble pectin by 22.5%, and decreased protopectin by 19.5%. The expression of the cell wall modifying proteins polygalacturonase (PG), pectin esterase1 (PE1), β-galactosidase (TBG4), and expansin1 (Exp1) was up-regulated under 50 µM melatonin treatment. Melatonin increased ethylene production by 27.1%, accelerated the climacteric phase, and influenced the ethylene signalling pathway. Alteration of ethylene production correlated with altered 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS4) expression. The expression of ethylene signal transduction-related genes such as NR, SlETR4, SlEIL1, SlEIL3, and SlERF2, was enhanced by 50 µM melatonin. The effect of melatonin on ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and ethylene signalling may contribute to fruit ripening and quality improvement in tomato. This research may promote the application of melatonin on postharvest ripening and quality improvement of tomato fruit as well as other horticultural productions in the future.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
50 µM melatonin increased tomato fruit lycopene 5.8-fold versus control.
- Taxon
- tomato fruit
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- lycopene levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.8-folde0
- Comparator
- control check (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control check (CK), the 50 µM melatonin treatment significantly increased lycopene levels by 5.8-fold”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
PSY1 and CRTISO expression increased 2-fold.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente1
- Gene
- phytoene synthase1 (PSY1) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO)e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytoene synthase1 (PSY1) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), showed a 2-fold increase in expression levels”
e1“the 50 µM melatonin treatment significantly increased lycopene levels”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water loss increased 8.3% under melatonin.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- rate of water losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of water loss from tomato fruit also increased 8.3%”
e1“under 50 µM melatonin treatment. In addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquaporin gene expression increased 2- to 3-fold under melatonin.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente0
- Gene
- SlPIP12Q, SlPIPQ, SlPIP21Q, and SlPIP22e0
- Outcome
- expression of aquaporin genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 2- to 3-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of aquaporin genes, such as SlPIP12Q, SlPIPQ, SlPIP21Q, and SlPIP22, was up-regulated 2- to 3-fold under 50 µM melatonin treatment”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin enhanced tomato fruit softening.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit softeninge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“50 µM melatonin treatment enhanced fruit softening”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased water-soluble pectin by 22.5%.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- water-soluble pectine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased water-soluble pectin by 22.5%”
e1“In addition, 50 µM melatonin treatment enhanced fruit softening”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased protopectin by 19.5%.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- protopectine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased protopectin by 19.5%”
e1“In addition, 50 µM melatonin treatment enhanced fruit softening”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall modifying protein expression was up-regulated under melatonin.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of the cell wall modifying proteinse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the cell wall modifying proteins polygalacturonase (PG), pectin esterase1 (PE1), β-galactosidase (TBG4), and expansin1 (Exp1) was up-regulated under 50 µM melatonin treatment”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased ethylene production by 27.1%.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonine0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin increased ethylene production by 27.1%”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin accelerated the climacteric phase.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonine1
- Outcome
- climacteric phasee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accelerated the climacteric phase”
e1“Melatonin increased ethylene production”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production alteration correlated with ACS4 expression alteration.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS4)e0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alteration of ethylene production correlated with altered 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS4) expression”
t0“tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin enhanced ethylene signal transduction gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomato fruitSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 µM melatonine0
- Outcome
- expression of ethylene signal transduction-related genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of ethylene signal transduction-related genes such as NR, SlETR4, SlEIL1, SlEIL3, and SlERF2, was enhanced by 50 µM melatonin”
t0“tomato fruit”
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