Paper · 2013 · Journal of Economic Entomology

Effects of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Silk Clipping in Field Corn

Sandy Steckel; S. D. Stewart; K. V. Tindall

10
claims
21
verbatim quotes
8
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) is an emerging silk-feeding insect found in fields in the lower Corn Belt and Midsouthern United States. Studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate how silk clipping in corn affects pollination and yield parameters. Manually clipping silks once daily had modest effects on yield parameters. Sustained clipping by either manually clipping silks three times per day or by caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage). Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silking affected the number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernels. Caged beetles fed on silks and, depending on the number of beetles caged per ear, reduced the number of kernels per ear. Caging eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight compared with noninfested ears. Drought stress before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetles. There was evidence of some compensation for reduced pollination by increasing the size of pollinated kernels within the ear. Our results showed that it requires sustained silk clipping during the first week of silking to have substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameters, at least under good growing conditions. Some states recommend treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% complete, and that recommendation appears to be adequate.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Daily manual silk clipping had modest effects on corn yield parameters.

Treatment
Manually clipping silks once dailye0
Outcome
yield parameterse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Manually clipping silks once daily had modest effects on yield parameters.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 268–342 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sustained manual clipping three times daily affected total kernel weight during early silking.

Organ / stage
early silking (R1 growth stage)e0
Treatment
manually clipping silks three times per daye0
Outcome
total kernel weighte0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sustained clipping by either manually clipping silks three times per day or by caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 343–539 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Caged Japanese beetles affected total kernel weight during early silking.

Treatment
caging Japanese beetles onto earse0
Interactor
Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0pest
Outcome
total kernel weighte0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Popillia japonica
Popillia japonica · InteractorBruce Marlin · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–538 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Three daily clips during the first five days of silking affected kernel number, total kernel weight, and individual kernel weight.

Treatment
Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silkinge0
Outcome
number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernelse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silking affected the number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 540–711 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Caged beetle feeding reduced kernels per ear depending on beetle number.

Treatment
Caged beetlese0
Interactor
beetlesColeopterae0pest
Outcome
number of kernels per eare0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Caged beetles fed on silks and, depending on the number of beetles caged per ear, reduced the number of kernels per ear.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 712–832 · show in text ↑
e1

“Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–42 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight relative to noninfested ears.

Treatment
Caging eight beetles per eare0
Interactor
beetlesColeopterae0pest
Outcome
total kernel weighte0
Direction
reducede0
Comparator
noninfested earse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Caging eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight compared with noninfested ears.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 833–935 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of beetle silk clipping.

Treatment
Drought stress before anthesise0
Interactor
Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0pest
Outcome
impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetlese0
Direction
magnifye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Popillia japonica
Popillia japonica · InteractorBruce Marlin · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Drought stress before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetles.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 936–1035 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pollinated kernels increased in size, partly compensating for reduced pollination.

Outcome
size of pollinated kernelse0
Direction
increasinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“compensation for reduced pollination by increasing the size of pollinated kernels within the ear”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1159 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Substantial yield and pollination effects required sustained clipping in the first silking week under good growing conditions.

Outcome
substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameterse0
Qualifier
under good growing conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“requires sustained silk clipping during the first week of silking to have substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameters, at least under good growing conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1188–1357 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors considered the stated three-beetle treatment threshold adequate.

Interactor
Japanese beetlePopillia japonicae0pest
Outcome
treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% completee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Popillia japonica
Popillia japonica · InteractorBruce Marlin · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% complete, and that recommendation appears to be adequate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1381–1568 · show in text ↑
t0

“Field Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–85 · show in text ↑

mechanical · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

16 papers: 8 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
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  3. positive

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.