Abstract
Soil bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter, Pantoea and some unidentified soil isolates were tested in vitro for phytohormone production under laboratory and soil conditions. The German wheat variety Munk was inoculated by several soil bacteria with exogenously applied hormones (IAA, 2,4-D) and a flavonoid(naringenin) with a half of the amount of recommended doses of fertilizers under greenhouse conditions. Most of the soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), and stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA. A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA. We were able to reisolate the organism from the paranodules and could establish the same results. Analyses for root exudates and in vitro phytohormone production by various bacterial isolates were also carried out, revealing that 2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA. Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Most tested soil bacteria produced IAA.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- soil bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D stimulated lateral root development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- lateral root developmente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA”
t0“Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D stimulated colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA”
t0“Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA stimulated lateral root development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- lateral root developmente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA”
t0“Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA stimulated colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA”
t0“Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D led to paranodule formation on roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- formation of paranodules on rootse0
- Qualifier
- crack entry invasione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA led to paranodule formation on roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- formation of paranodules on rootse0
- Qualifier
- crack entry invasione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The organism was reisolated from paranodules.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- paranodulese0
- Outcome
- reisolate the organism from the paranodulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We were able to reisolate the organism from the paranodules and could establish the same results”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
high IAA producing bacteria could replace 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high IAA producing bacteriae0
- Outcome
- 2,4-D can be replacede0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
exogenous application of IAA could replace 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- 2,4-D can be replacede0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA positively affected Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Interactor
- Bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacterial survival in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA positively affected root and shoot weight of wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weight of wheat plantse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D positively affected Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacterial survival in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D positively affected root and shoot weight of wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weight of wheat plantse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
Claim · model-written summary
naringenin positively affected Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- naringenine0
- Interactor
- Bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacterial survival in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
Claim · model-written summary
naringenin positively affected root and shoot weight of wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- naringenine0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weight of wheat plantse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →2,4-D · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
47 papers more in this group
See all 51 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.