Abstract
Genus Sanicula encompasses about 40 species, mainly from temperate deciduous forests and exhibiting an Arcto-Tertiary relict distribution. It has previously been shown that stasis in physiological traits, such as seed dormancy, can occur in genera with an Arcto-Tertiary disjunct distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for dormancy break and seed germination in the Eurasian woodland herb Sanicula europaea L. Comparing our results with other Apiaceae in a phylogenetic and biogeographic framework enables us to determine whether stasis in seed dormancy has occurred in Sanicula. Experiments under natural conditions showed that the embryo elongates within the seed during winter, when temperatures are low. Seeds of S. europaea germinated immediately after growth of the embryo was completed, and seedlings subsequently emerged when temperatures had risen in spring. A series of tests under temperature-controlled conditions revealed that growth of the embryo and physiological dormancy break occur simultaneously at low temperatures (5 °C), irrespective of a pre-treatment at high temperatures. These results contrast with the dormancy traits of several eastern North American Sanicula species, which presumably require a high temperature pre-treatment before chilling becomes effective. This geographical distribution pattern of seed dormancy traits has also been established independently in several other Arcto-Tertiary relict genera.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Under natural conditions, the embryo of Sanicula europaea seeds elongates during winter at low temperatures.
- Taxon
- Sanicula europaea
Sanicula europaeae0 - Organ / stage
- embryoe1
- Outcome
- embryo elongatese1
- Qualifier
- during winter, when temperatures are lowe1
- Setting
- natural conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for dormancy break and seed germination in the Eurasian woodland herb Sanicula europaea L.”
e1“Experiments under natural conditions showed that the embryo elongates within the seed during winter, when temperatures are low”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds of Sanicula europaea germinated immediately after embryo growth was completed.
- Taxon
- S. europaeaSanicula europaeae2
- Organ / stage
- embryoe2
- Outcome
- germinatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for dormancy break and seed germination in the Eurasian woodland herb Sanicula europaea L.”
e2“Seeds of S. europaea germinated immediately after growth of the embryo was completed”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo growth and physiological dormancy break of Sanicula europaea occur simultaneously at 5 °C, irrespective of high-temperature pre-treatment.
- Taxon
- Sanicula europaeaSanicula europaeae0
- Treatment
- low temperatures (5 °C)e3
- Outcome
- physiological dormancy breake3
- Qualifier
- irrespective of a pre-treatment at high temperaturese3
- Setting
- temperature-controlled conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for dormancy break and seed germination in the Eurasian woodland herb Sanicula europaea L.”
e3“A series of tests under temperature-controlled conditions revealed that growth of the embryo and physiological dormancy break occur simultaneously at low temperatures (5 °C), irrespective of a pre-treatment at high temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Several eastern North American Sanicula species presumably require a high temperature pre-treatment before chilling becomes effective, unlike S. europaea.
SaniculaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“These results contrast with the dormancy traits of several eastern North American Sanicula species, which presumably require a high temperature pre-treatment before chilling becomes effective”