Abstract
The objectives of the present research were to quantify 1) the contribution that vegetative shoots produced in the summer vs. fall and indeterminate vs. determinate inflorescences make to yield and 2) the effects of GA 3 on flowering expression and inflorescence phenology of summer and fall shoots of `Hass' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) under field conditions. Anthesis started earlier on fall than summer shoots of 10-year-old `Hass' avocado trees; however, no difference in the date of full bloom was observed. Indeterminate inflorescences that underwent early anthesis set more fruit than those with delayed anthesis, conversely, determinate inflorescences with delayed anthesis set more fruit. Indeterminate inflorescences comprised 90% of total inflorescences and contributed 73% of total fruit yield, but individual determinate inflorescences were at least three times more productive than the indeterminate ones. Summer and fall shoots were sprayed with 0, 50, 100, or 1000 mg·L -1 GA 3 in November, December or January. GA 3 stimulated apical growth of all shoots. If secondary axes of an inflorescence bud were differentiated at the time of GA 3 application, the inflorescence developed in advance of inflorescences on branches not treated with GA 3 . In addition, GA 3 caused precocious development of the vegetative shoot of indeterminate inflorescences relative to the flowers in the same inflorescence and relative to the vegetative shoot of indeterminate inflorescences from untreated branches. Stimulation of vegetative growth at the inflorescence apex by GA 3 inhibited growth of axillary buds. GA 3 at 50 mg·L -1 had no effect on the number of determinate or indeterminate inflorescences produced by either summer or fall shoots. Higher concentrations of GA 3 increased the number of vegetative shoots and inactive buds produced by both shoot types.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fall shoots began anthesis earlier than summer shoots, while full bloom timing did not differ.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Material
- `Hass'e0
- Organ / stage
- fall than summer shootse0
- Outcome
- Anthesise0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthesis started earlier on fall than summer shoots of 10-year-old `Hass' avocado trees; however, no difference in the date of full bloom was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Indeterminate inflorescences with early anthesis set more fruit than those with delayed anthesis.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- Indeterminate inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- those with delayed anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate inflorescences that underwent early anthesis set more fruit than those with delayed anthesis”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Determinate inflorescences with delayed anthesis set more fruit.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- determinate inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- delayed anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“determinate inflorescences with delayed anthesis set more fruit”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Indeterminate inflorescences made up 90% of inflorescences and contributed 73% of fruit yield.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- Indeterminate inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- total inflorescencese0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate inflorescences comprised 90% of total inflorescences and contributed 73% of total fruit yield”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Indeterminate inflorescences contributed 73% of total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Value
- 73%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributed 73% of total fruit yield”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual determinate inflorescences were at least three times as productive as indeterminate ones.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- determinate inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- productivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- at least three timese0
- Comparator
- indeterminate onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual determinate inflorescences were at least three times more productive than the indeterminate ones”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 stimulated apical growth of all shoots.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- apical growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 stimulated apical growth of all shoots”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 advanced inflorescence development when secondary axes had differentiated.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione0
- Outcome
- inflorescence developede0
- Direction
- in advancee0
- Qualifier
- If secondary axes of an inflorescence bud were differentiatede0
- Comparator
- branches not treated with GA 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If secondary axes of an inflorescence bud were differentiated at the time of GA 3 application, the inflorescence developed in advance of inflorescences on branches not treated with GA 3”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 caused earlier vegetative shoot development in indeterminate inflorescences relative to flowers and untreated branches.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- development of the vegetative shoote0
- Direction
- precociouse0
- Comparator
- untreated branchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 caused precocious development of the vegetative shoot of indeterminate inflorescences relative to the flowers in the same inflorescence and relative to the vegetative shoot of indeterminate inflorescences from untreated branches”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 stimulation of apical vegetative growth inhibited axillary bud growth.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- growth of axillary budse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stimulation of vegetative growth at the inflorescence apex by GA 3 inhibited growth of axillary buds”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 at 50 mg·L -1 did not change determinate or indeterminate inflorescence counts on either shoot type.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GA 3 at 50 mg·L -1e0
- Outcome
- number of determinate or indeterminate inflorescencese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 at 50 mg·L -1 had no effect on the number of determinate or indeterminate inflorescences produced by either summer or fall shoots”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher GA 3 concentrations increased vegetative shoots and inactive buds on both shoot types.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Higher concentrations of GA 3e0
- Outcome
- number of vegetative shoots and inactive budse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentrations of GA 3 increased the number of vegetative shoots and inactive buds produced by both shoot types”
t0“Avocado”