Abstract
Reproductive phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by the floral transition (initiation of the first flower) and the bolting transition (elongation of the first internode). Here, the relationship between these transitions is examined by comparing variation in cauline and total leaf numbers in wild-type plants and 49 early-flowering mutants under a wide range of photoperiods. The timing of these transitions was also evaluated by subjecting wild-type plants to photoperiodic perturbations at different developmental stages. Coupling between the bolting and floral transitions was altered in the wild type under non-optimal flowering conditions but could be restored by optimal conditions that activate the progression to flowering, including continuous light treatments and early flowering mutations. Under non-optimal photoperiodic conditions, the floral node was specified a few days before the bolting node. Altered definitions of long days for the cauline and total leaf responses were frequently coupled in early flowering mutants and were associated with similar photomorphogenetic defects. By contrast, altered definitions of short days were often opposite for the two leaf responses and were associated with different photomorphogenetic and circadian phenotypes. It is concluded that the bolting and floral transitions are regulated by different signalling pathways under non-optimal conditions and that phase change is a multidimensional process. This paper also proposes that, in contrast to the floral transition which is contingent on different factors, the bolting transition may be a robust indicator of reproductive phase change, especially when the progression to flowering is not optimal.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bolting and floral transition coupling changed under non-optimal flowering conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- Coupling between the bolting and floral transitionse0
- Qualifier
- non-optimal flowering conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coupling between the bolting and floral transitions was altered in the wild type under non-optimal flowering conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous light restored coupling between the transitions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- continuous light treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Coupling between the bolting and floral transitionse1
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be restored by optimal conditions that activate the progression to flowering, including continuous light treatments and early flowering mutations”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Coupling between the bolting and floral transitions was altered in the wild type under non-optimal flowering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Early flowering mutations restored coupling between the transitions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- early flowering mutationse0
- Outcome
- Coupling between the bolting and floral transitionse1
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be restored by optimal conditions that activate the progression to flowering, including continuous light treatments and early flowering mutations”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Coupling between the bolting and floral transitions was altered in the wild type under non-optimal flowering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under non-optimal photoperiods, the floral node preceded the bolting node by a few days.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- floral nodee0
- Direction
- beforee0
- Value
- a few dayse0
- Comparator
- bolting nodee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under non-optimal photoperiodic conditions, the floral node was specified a few days before the bolting node”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
In early flowering mutants, altered long-day definitions for two leaf responses were frequently coupled and linked to similar photomorphogenetic defects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- early flowering mutantse0
- Outcome
- cauline and total leaf responsese0
- Qualifier
- similar photomorphogenetic defectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Altered definitions of long days for the cauline and total leaf responses were frequently coupled in early flowering mutants and were associated with similar photomorphogenetic defects”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
In early flowering mutants, altered short-day definitions for the two leaf responses were often opposite and linked to different photomorphogenetic and circadian phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- two leaf responsese0
- Direction
- oppositee0
- Qualifier
- different photomorphogenetic and circadian phenotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altered definitions of short days were often opposite for the two leaf responses and were associated with different photomorphogenetic and circadian phenotypes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that distinct signalling pathways regulate the two transitions under non-optimal conditions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- bolting and floral transitionse0
- Qualifier
- different signalling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bolting and floral transitions are regulated by different signalling pathways under non-optimal conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed bolting as a robust indicator of reproductive phase change, especially when flowering progression is not optimal.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- bolting transition may be a robust indicator of reproductive phase changee0
- Qualifier
- when the progression to flowering is not optimale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bolting transition may be a robust indicator of reproductive phase change, especially when the progression to flowering is not optimal”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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