Abstract
Plants develop an enhanced defensive capacity against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens after colonization of the roots by selected strains of nonpathogenic, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR) functions independently of salicylic acid but requires responsiveness to the plant hormones jasmonic acid and ethylene. In contrast to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance, rhizobacteria-mediated ISR is not associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. To identify ISR-related genes, we surveyed the transcriptional response of over 8,000 Arabidopsis genes during rhizobacteria-mediated ISR. Locally in the roots, ISR-inducing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria elicited a substantial change in the expression of 97 genes. However, systemically in the leaves, none of the approximately 8,000 genes tested showed a consistent change in expression in response to effective colonization of the roots by WCS417r, indicating that the onset of ISR in the leaves is not associated with detectable changes in gene expression. After challenge inoculation of WCS417r-induced plants with the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, 81 genes showed an augmented expression pattern in ISR-expressing leaves, suggesting that these genes were primed to respond faster or more strongly upon pathogen attack. The majority of the primed genes was predicted to be regulated by jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling. Priming of pathogen-induced genes allows the plant to react more effectively to the invader encountered, which might explain the broad-spectrum action of rhizobacteria-mediated ISR.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas WCS417r altered expression of 97 root genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- expression of 97 genese0
- Direction
- changee0
- Value
- 97 genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Locally in the roots, ISR-inducing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria elicited a substantial change in the expression of 97 genes.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
No tested leaf gene consistently changed after root colonization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- colonization of the roots by WCS417re0
- Interactor
- WCS417re0symbiont
- Outcome
- change in expressione0
- Direction
- nonee0
- Value
- approximately 8,000 genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the approximately 8,000 genes tested showed a consistent change in expression in response to effective colonization of the roots by WCS417r”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
After pathogen challenge, 81 genes had augmented expression in induced leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- challenge inoculatione0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Second interactor
- WCS417re0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression patterne0
- Direction
- augmentede0
- Value
- 81 genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After challenge inoculation of WCS417r-induced plants with the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, 81 genes showed an augmented expression pattern in ISR-expressing leaves”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Most primed genes were predicted to be regulated by jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- jasmonic acid or ethylenee0
- Outcome
- primed genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The majority of the primed genes was predicted to be regulated by jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming of pathogen induced genes may explain broad spectrum rhizobacteria induced resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- broad-spectrum action of rhizobacteria-mediated ISRe0
- Qualifier
- Priming of pathogen-induced genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming of pathogen-induced genes allows the plant to react more effectively to the invader encountered, which might explain the broad-spectrum action of rhizobacteria-mediated ISR.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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