Abstract
Nodules from six Casuarina symbioses ( Casuarina cunninghamiana, C. equisetifolia, and C. glauca inoculated with each of two different Frankia sources) were evaluated for (i) concentrations of haemoglobin (measured as CO-reactive haem) at 124, 144 and 165 d after inoculation, (ii) acetylene reduction and (iii) occurrence of lignin-like compounds in cell walls of the nodules at 165 d after inoculation. Haemoglobin concentration and the occurrence of lignin-like compounds were related to acetylene reduction at final harvest. Concentration of haemoglobin in nodules ranged from 1.56 to 22.27 nmol haem (g FW) -1 . There were marked plant species- Frankia interactions. At final harvest plant growth was greatest in C. cunninghamiana inoculated with Frankia inoculum designated SI, while haemoglobin concentration was intermediate in this symbiosis. Acetylene reduction activity was detected in all the symbioses except C. equisteifolia inoculated with SI, and was highest in C. glauca inoculated with SI. Haemoglobin concentration per fresh weight nodule and acetylene reduction per plant were positively correlated (r= 0.84, n= 12). The highest levels of cumulative nitrogen fixation were always associated with the highest haemoglobin concentrations and the highest rates of acetylene reduction activity. Nitrogen content was lowest in C. equisetifolia inoculated with SI (23.89±3.07 mg) and highest in C. cunninghamiana inoculated with the same inoculum (217.2±22.5 mg). Irrespective of symbiotic performance, lignin-like compounds were found in the cell walls of the nodules in all symbioses in this study. The cells containing these compounds were mainly localized in the infected areas of the nodule. The roles of haemoglobin and occurrence of lignin-like compounds in relation to nitrogen fixation in Casuarina symbioses are discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule haemoglobin concentration ranged from 1.56 to 22.27 nmol haem per gram fresh weight.
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Outcome
- Concentration of haemoglobin in nodulese0
- Value
- 1.56 to 22.27 nmol haem (g FW) -1e0
CasuarinaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of haemoglobin in nodules ranged from 1.56 to 22.27 nmol haem (g FW) -1 .”
t0“Casuarina”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant species and Frankia source interacted markedly.
- Outcome
- plant species- Frankia interactionse0
FrankiaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were marked plant species- Frankia interactions.”
t0“Casuarina”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cunninghamiana with Frankia SI had the greatest plant growth at final harvest.
- Taxon
- C. cunninghamiana
Casuarina cunninghamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with Frankia inoculum designated SIe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At final harvest plant growth was greatest in C. cunninghamiana inoculated with Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule haemoglobin concentration in C. cunninghamiana with Frankia SI was intermediate.
- Taxon
- C. cunninghamianaCasuarina cunninghamianae1
- Outcome
- haemoglobin concentratione0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while haemoglobin concentration was intermediate in this symbiosis.”
e1“C. cunninghamiana inoculated with Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetylene reduction occurred in all symbioses except C. equisteifolia with SI.
- Taxon
- C. equisteifoliae0
- Outcome
- Acetylene reduction activitye0
- Qualifier
- except C. equisteifolia inoculated with SIe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetylene reduction activity was detected in all the symbioses except C. equisteifolia inoculated with SI”
e1“Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
C. glauca with SI had the highest acetylene reduction activity.
- Taxon
- C. glauca
Casuarina glaucae0 - Outcome
- Acetylene reduction activitye1
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was highest in C. glauca inoculated with SI”
e1“Acetylene reduction activity was detected in all the symbioses”
e2“Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule haemoglobin concentration and acetylene reduction per plant were positively correlated.
- Compound
- Haemoglobine0
- Outcome
- acetylene reduction per plante0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r= 0.84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Haemoglobin concentration per fresh weight nodule and acetylene reduction per plant were positively correlated (r= 0.84, n= 12).”
t0“Casuarina”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest cumulative nitrogen fixation was associated with highest haemoglobin concentrations and acetylene reduction.
- Compound
- haemoglobine0
- Outcome
- cumulative nitrogen fixatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- highest rates of acetylene reduction activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest levels of cumulative nitrogen fixation were always associated with the highest haemoglobin concentrations and the highest rates of acetylene reduction activity.”
t0“Casuarina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content was lowest in C. equisetifolia with SI at 23.89±3.07 mg.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifoliae0 - Outcome
- Nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 23.89±3.07 mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen content was lowest in C. equisetifolia inoculated with SI (23.89±3.07 mg)”
e1“Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content was highest in C. cunninghamiana with SI at 217.2±22.5 mg.
- Taxon
- C. cunninghamianaCasuarina cunninghamianae0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 217.2±22.5 mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest in C. cunninghamiana inoculated with the same inoculum (217.2±22.5 mg)”
e1“Nitrogen content was lowest”
e2“Frankia inoculum designated SI”
Claim · model-written summary
Lignin-like compounds occurred in nodule cell walls across all symbioses regardless of performance.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of symbiotic performance, lignin-like compounds were found in the cell walls of the nodules in all symbioses in this study.”
t0“Casuarina”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells containing lignin-like compounds were mainly in infected nodule areas.
- Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Outcome
- cells containing these compounds were mainly localized in the infected areas of the nodulee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cells containing these compounds were mainly localized in the infected areas of the nodule.”
e1“lignin-like compounds were found in the cell walls of the nodules”
t0“Casuarina”