Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is believed to be responsible for the ability of rice to grow in the deepwater regions of Southeast Asia. Ethylene production is induced by hypoxia, which is caused by flooding, because of enhanced activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. We have cloned three divergent members, (OS-ACS1, OS-ACS2, and OS-ACS3), of a multigene family encoding ACC synthase in rice. OS-ACS1 resides on chromosome 3 and OS-ACS3 on chromosome 5 in the rice genome. The OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3 genes are induced by anaerobiosis and indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatment. The anaerobic induction is differential and tissue specific; OS-ACS1 is induced in the shoots, whereas OS-ACS3 is induced in the roots. These inductions are insensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that they are primary responses to the inducers. All three genes are actually induced when protein synthesis is inhibited, indicating that they may be under negative control or that their mRNAs are unstable. The OS-ACS1 gene was structurally characterized, and the function of its encoded protein (M(r) = 53 112 Da, pI 8.2) was confirmed by expression experiments in Escherichia coli. The protein contains all eleven invariant amino acid residues that are conserved between aminotransferases and ACC synthases cloned from various dicotyledonous plants. The amino acid sequence shares significant identity to other ACC synthases (69-34%) and is more similar to sequences in other plant species (69% with the tomato LE-ACS3) than to other rice ACC synthases (50-44%). The data suggest that the extraordinary degree of divergence among ACC synthase isoenzymes within each species arose early in plant evolution and before the divergence of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Three divergent rice ACC synthase family members were cloned.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- OS-ACS1, OS-ACS2, and OS-ACS3e0
- Outcome
- three divergent memberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have cloned three divergent members, (OS-ACS1, OS-ACS2, and OS-ACS3), of a multigene family encoding ACC synthase in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice OS-ACS1 resides on chromosome 3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OS-ACS1e0
- Outcome
- resides on chromosome 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OS-ACS1 resides on chromosome 3”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice OS-ACS3 resides on chromosome 5.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OS-ACS3e0
- Outcome
- on chromosome 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OS-ACS3 on chromosome 5 in the rice genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaerobiosis induced OS-ACS1 in rice shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- anaerobice0
- Gene
- OS-ACS1e0
- Outcome
- induced in the shootse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anaerobic induction is differential and tissue specific; OS-ACS1 is induced in the shoots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaerobiosis induced OS-ACS3 in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- anaerobiosise0
- Gene
- OS-ACS3e0
- Outcome
- induced in the rootse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3 genes are induced by anaerobiosis and indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatment. The anaerobic induction is differential and tissue specific; OS-ACS1 is induced in the shoots, whereas OS-ACS3 is induced in the roots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA, BA and LiCl treatment induced rice OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatmente0
- Gene
- OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3e0
- Outcome
- genes are inducede0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3 genes are induced by anaerobiosis and indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction of rice OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3 was insensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- protein synthesis inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- These inductionse0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These inductions are insensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting protein synthesis induced all three rice ACC synthase genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- protein synthesis is inhibitede0
- Outcome
- All three genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three genes are actually induced when protein synthesis is inhibited”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression experiments confirmed the function of the rice OS-ACS1 protein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OS-ACS1e0
- Outcome
- function of its encoded proteine0
- Value
- 53 112 Dae0
- Qualifier
- expression experiments in Escherichia colie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The OS-ACS1 gene was structurally characterized, and the function of its encoded protein (M(r) = 53 112 Da, pI 8.2) was confirmed by expression experiments in Escherichia coli.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice OS-ACS1 protein contains eleven invariant amino acid residues conserved among aminotransferases and ACC synthases.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ACC synthasese0
- Outcome
- eleven invariant amino acid residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein contains all eleven invariant amino acid residues that are conserved between aminotransferases and ACC synthases cloned from various dicotyledonous plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice ACC synthase sequence identity is higher with tomato LE-ACS3 than with other rice ACC synthases.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- LE-ACS3e0
- Outcome
- more similare0
- Direction
- more similare0
- Value
- 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 50-44%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more similar to sequences in other plant species (69% with the tomato LE-ACS3) than to other rice ACC synthases (50-44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ACC synthase isoenzyme divergence preceded monocot and dicot divergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- divergence among ACC synthase isoenzymese0
- Qualifier
- before the divergence of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data suggest that the extraordinary degree of divergence among ACC synthase isoenzymes within each species arose early in plant evolution and before the divergence of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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See all 14 papers →N-benzyladenine · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.