Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess possible adverse effects of transgene expression in leaves of field-grown barley relative to the influence of genetic background and the effect of plant interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We conducted transcript profiling, metabolome profiling, and metabolic fingerprinting of wild-type accessions and barley transgenics with seed-specific expression of (1,3-1, 4)-beta-glucanase (GluB) in Baronesse (B) as well as of transgenics in Golden Promise (GP) background with ubiquitous expression of codon-optimized Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase (ChGP). We found more than 1,600 differential transcripts between varieties GP and B, with defense genes being strongly overrepresented in B, indicating a divergent response to subclinical pathogen challenge in the field. In contrast, no statistically significant differences between ChGP and GP could be detected based on transcriptome or metabolome analysis, although 22 genes and 4 metabolites were differentially abundant when comparing GluB and B, leading to the distinction of these two genotypes in principle component analysis. The coregulation of most of these genes in GluB and GP, as well as simple sequence repeat-marker analysis, suggests that the distinctive alleles in GluB are inherited from GP. Thus, the effect of the two investigated transgenes on the global transcript profile is substantially lower than the effect of a minor number of alleles that differ as a consequence of crop breeding. Exposing roots to the spores of the mycorrhizal Glomus sp. had little effect on the leaf transcriptome, but central leaf metabolism was consistently altered in all genotypes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Golden Promise and Baronesse differ by more than 1,600 transcripts.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- GP and Be0
- Outcome
- differential transcriptse0
- Value
- more than 1,600e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“more than 1,600 differential transcripts between varieties GP and B”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense genes are overrepresented in Baronesse.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Be0
- Outcome
- defense genese0
- Direction
- strongly overrepresentede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defense genes being strongly overrepresented in B”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ChGP and GP show no significant transcriptome difference.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- ChGPe0
- Outcome
- transcriptomee0
- Direction
- no statistically significant differencese0
- Comparator
- GPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no statistically significant differences between ChGP and GP could be detected based on transcriptome or metabolome analysis”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ChGP and GP show no significant metabolome difference.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- ChGPe0
- Outcome
- metabolomee0
- Direction
- no statistically significant differencese0
- Comparator
- GPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no statistically significant differences between ChGP and GP could be detected based on transcriptome or metabolome analysis”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GluB and Baronesse differ in abundance of 22 genes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- GluBe0
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- differentially abundante0
- Value
- 22 genese0
- Comparator
- Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“22 genes and 4 metabolites were differentially abundant when comparing GluB and B”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GluB and Baronesse differ in abundance of four metabolites.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- GluBe0
- Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Direction
- differentially abundante0
- Value
- 4 metabolitese0
- Comparator
- Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“22 genes and 4 metabolites were differentially abundant when comparing GluB and B”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GluB and Baronesse can be distinguished by principal component analysis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- distinction of these two genotypese0
- Comparator
- these two genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to the distinction of these two genotypes in principle component analysis”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Shared gene coregulation and markers suggest GluB distinctive alleles came from Golden Promise.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- GluBe0
- Outcome
- distinctive alleles in GluB are inherited from GPe0
- Comparator
- GPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coregulation of most of these genes in GluB and GP, as well as simple sequence repeat-marker analysis, suggests that the distinctive alleles in GluB are inherited from GP”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgene effects on global transcript profiles are substantially smaller than effects of breeding-related alleles.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- effect of the two investigated transgenes on the global transcript profilee0
- Direction
- substantially lowere0
- Comparator
- effect of a minor number of allelese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of the two investigated transgenes on the global transcript profile is substantially lower than the effect of a minor number of alleles that differ as a consequence of crop breeding”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus sp. spores had little effect on barley leaf transcriptomes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exposing roots to the spores of the mycorrhizal Glomus sp.e0
- Outcome
- leaf transcriptomee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
GlomusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing roots to the spores of the mycorrhizal Glomus sp. had little effect on the leaf transcriptome”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus sp. exposure consistently altered central leaf metabolism across genotypes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exposing roots to the spores of the mycorrhizal Glomus sp.e0
- Outcome
- central leaf metabolisme0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing roots to the spores of the mycorrhizal Glomus sp. had little effect on the leaf transcriptome, but central leaf metabolism was consistently altered in all genotypes”
t0“barley”