Abstract
It has been previously shown that certain herbicides or plant extracts inhibited the viral infection. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) infection and herbicide or plant extract treatments on the photosynthetic processes of the host plants to get informations about the interactions of these factors. In Capsicum annuum-ObPV host-virus relations the virus infection slightly increased the activity of photosystem II (PSII), as it was supposed from fluorescence induction parameters. Chlorophyll content of leaves was also elevated probably due to virus-induced growth inhibition. The herbicide Stomp (active ingredient: pendimethalin) incorporated into the soil one week before planting (preplant treatment) together with virus infection even strengthened these effects in agreement with previous observations that this herbicide always did not prevent virus infection or reduce virus concentration in hosts. In ObPV-infected Nicotiana tabacum the structural changes showed similar tendency like in ObPV-infected C. annuum, but PSII efficiency did not significantly differ from that of the control. However, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased because of the strongly decreasing CO2 fixation activity. Though simultaneous application of a water extract of Cirsium arvense shoot caused a little stronger inhibition of CO2 fixation, little loss in production was obtained due to significant reduction in virus concentration. In Solanum nigrum-ObPV relation the slightly increasing tendency of the values of actual PSII quantum efficiency could be related to the probably elevated ratio of reaction centre components (increased chlorophyll a/b ratio) in the thylakoids. Application of the herbicide Fusilade S (active ingredient: fluazifop-P-butyl) at 4-6 leaf stage as a post-emergence treatment practically prevented systemic virus infection and the virus-induced changes of photosynthesis are probably due to inhibiting the virus infection/replication process.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Obuda pepper virus infection slightly increased photosystem II activity in Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuume0 - Treatment
- virus infectione0
- Interactor
- ObPVObuda pepper viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of photosystem II (PSII)e0
- Direction
- slightly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Capsicum annuum-ObPV host-virus relations the virus infection slightly increased the activity of photosystem II (PSII)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content of Capsicum annuum leaves was elevated, probably due to virus-induced growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- virus-induced growth inhibitione1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content of leavese1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Capsicum annuum-ObPV host-virus relations the virus infection slightly increased the activity of photosystem II (PSII)”
e1“Chlorophyll content of leaves was also elevated probably due to virus-induced growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomp (pendimethalin) applied to the soil before planting, together with virus infection, strengthened the virus-induced effects on photosynthesis.
- Treatment
- Stomp (active ingredient: pendimethalin) incorporated into the soil one week before plantinge2
- Interactor
- viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- these effectse2
- Direction
- strengthenede2
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e2“The herbicide Stomp (active ingredient: pendimethalin) incorporated into the soil one week before planting (preplant treatment) together with virus infection even strengthened these effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Obuda pepper virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum showed no significant difference in PSII efficiency from the control.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume3 - Treatment
- ObPV-infectede3
- Interactor
- ObPVObuda pepper viruse3pathogen
- Outcome
- PSII efficiencye3
- Direction
- did not significantly differe3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In ObPV-infected Nicotiana tabacum the structural changes showed similar tendency like in ObPV-infected C. annuum, but PSII efficiency did not significantly differ from that of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-photochemical quenching increased in Obuda pepper virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- ObPV-infectede3
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- because of the strongly decreasing CO2 fixation activitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In ObPV-infected Nicotiana tabacum the structural changes showed similar tendency like in ObPV-infected C. annuum, but PSII efficiency did not significantly differ from that of the control”
e4“However, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased because of the strongly decreasing CO2 fixation activity”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 fixation activity was strongly decreased in Obuda pepper virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- ObPV-infectede3
- Outcome
- CO2 fixation activitye4
- Direction
- strongly decreasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In ObPV-infected Nicotiana tabacum the structural changes showed similar tendency like in ObPV-infected C. annuum, but PSII efficiency did not significantly differ from that of the control”
e4“However, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased because of the strongly decreasing CO2 fixation activity”
Claim · model-written summary
A water extract of Cirsium arvense shoot caused a little stronger inhibition of CO2 fixation.
- Treatment
- water extract of Cirsium arvense shoote5
- Outcome
- CO2 fixatione5
- Direction
- stronger inhibitione5
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Though simultaneous application of a water extract of Cirsium arvense shoot caused a little stronger inhibition of CO2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous application of a Cirsium arvense shoot extract with virus infection resulted in little loss in production.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Though simultaneous application of a water extract of Cirsium arvense shoot caused a little stronger inhibition of CO2 fixation”
e6“little loss in production was obtained due to significant reduction in virus concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cirsium arvense shoot extract significantly reduced virus concentration.
- Treatment
- water extract of Cirsium arvense shoote5
- Interactor
- viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- virus concentratione6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Though simultaneous application of a water extract of Cirsium arvense shoot caused a little stronger inhibition of CO2 fixation”
e6“little loss in production was obtained due to significant reduction in virus concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
In Solanum nigrum infected with Obuda pepper virus, actual PSII quantum efficiency showed a slightly increasing tendency.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume7 - Interactor
- ObPVObuda pepper viruse7pathogen
- Outcome
- actual PSII quantum efficiencye7
- Direction
- slightly increasinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e7“In Solanum nigrum-ObPV relation the slightly increasing tendency of the values of actual PSII quantum efficiency could be related to the probably elevated ratio of reaction centre components (increased chlorophyll a/b ratio) in the thylakoids”
Claim · model-written summary
The slight increase in PSII quantum efficiency in Solanum nigrum may be related to an elevated ratio of reaction centre components in the thylakoids.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrumSolanum nigrume7
- Outcome
- actual PSII quantum efficiencye7
- Qualifier
- elevated ratio of reaction centre componentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In Solanum nigrum-ObPV relation the slightly increasing tendency of the values of actual PSII quantum efficiency could be related to the probably elevated ratio of reaction centre components (increased chlorophyll a/b ratio) in the thylakoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusilade S (fluazifop-P-butyl) applied post-emergence at the 4-6 leaf stage practically prevented systemic virus infection.
- Treatment
- Fusilade S (active ingredient: fluazifop-P-butyl) at 4-6 leaf stage as a post-emergence treatmente2
- Interactor
- viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic virus infectione2
- Direction
- practically preventede2
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e2“Application of the herbicide Fusilade S (active ingredient: fluazifop-P-butyl) at 4-6 leaf stage as a post-emergence treatment practically prevented systemic virus infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-induced changes of photosynthesis are probably due to inhibition of virus infection and replication.
- Outcome
- virus-induced changes of photosynthesise3
- Qualifier
- inhibiting the virus infection/replication processe3
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“the virus-induced changes of photosynthesis are probably due to inhibiting the virus infection/replication process”