Abstract
Blue light-dependent proton extrusion in guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba and light-dependent stomatal opening in the epidermis of Commelina benghalensis are inhibited by the calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfononamide (W-7) and the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor, 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-lH- hexahydro-1,4-diazepine (ML-7) [Shimazaki, K., Kinoshita, T. and Nishimura, M. (1992) Plant Physiol. 99: 1416]. We now suggest that the inhibition occurs in the blue light signaling pathway without affecting the proton pump. Addition of fusicoccin (FC), an activator of H+-ATPase, to the protoplasts and the epidermis whose blue light-dependent proton extrusion and light-dependent stomatal opening had been inhibited by W-7 and ML-7, induced both proton extrusion and stomatal opening, respectively. Blue light-dependent proton extrusion was inhibited by K-252a, a wide-range inhibitor of protein kinases, and KT5926, a selective inhibitor of MLCK. FC induced proton extrusion in the presence of K-252a and KT5926. In contrast, phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibited both the proton extrusion and stomatal opening, but FC did not induce the responses. These results suggest that W-7, ML-7, K-252a and KT5926 inhibit the signal transduction process by which the perception of blue light is transduced into activation of the proton pump in guard cells, and that MLCK or MLCK-like protein is involved in the blue light response of stomata. The possibility that calcium-dependent, calmodulin independent protein kinase [Harper, J.F. et al. (1991) Science 252: 951] functions rather than MLCK in the blue light response of stomata should be noted, however.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin restored proton extrusion and stomatal opening after W-7 and ML-7 inhibition.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- fusicoccin (FC)e0
- Outcome
- proton extrusion and stomatal openinge0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- inhibited by W-7 and ML-7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of fusicoccin (FC), an activator of H+-ATPase, to the protoplasts and the epidermis whose blue light-dependent proton extrusion and light-dependent stomatal opening had been inhibited by W-7 and ML-7, induced both proton extrusion and stomatal opening, respectively.”
t0“Vicia faba and Commelina benghalensis”
Claim · model-written summary
K-252a and KT5926 inhibited blue-light proton extrusion.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- K-252ae0
- Outcome
- Blue light-dependent proton extrusione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue light-dependent proton extrusion was inhibited by K-252a, a wide-range inhibitor of protein kinases, and KT5926, a selective inhibitor of MLCK.”
t0“Vicia faba and Commelina benghalensis”
Claim · model-written summary
FC induced proton extrusion despite kinase inhibitors.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- proton extrusione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FC induced proton extrusion in the presence of K-252a and KT5926.”
t0“Vicia faba and Commelina benghalensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PMA, CCCP and DCCD inhibited proton extrusion and stomatal opening, which FC did not restore.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- phenylmercuric acetate (PMA)e0
- Outcome
- proton extrusion and stomatal openinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibited both the proton extrusion and stomatal opening, but FC did not induce the responses.”
t0“Vicia faba and Commelina benghalensis”
The same questions in other papers
fusicoccin · physiology: gas exchange · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.