Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight metabolites involved in various physiological and developmental processes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cellular PA level is regulated in part by the action of amine oxidases (AOs) including copper diamine oxidases (DAOs) and flavoprotein polyamine oxidases (PAOs). In this study, the isolation and characterization of flavin amine oxidases (FAOs) from Brassica juncea (BJFAO) and Arabidopsis (ATFAO1) are reported that were clustered in the same group as polyamine oxidases from maize (MPAO) and barley (BPAO1) and monoamine oxidases from mammalian species. ATFAO1 was temporally and spatially regulated in Arabidopsis and showed distinct expression patterns in response to different stress treatments. To investigate the in vivo function of FAO, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing sense, antisense, and double-stranded BJFAO RNAs were generated and those with altered activity of FAOs were selected for further characterization. It was found that the shoot regeneration response in transgenic plants was significantly affected by the modulated PA levels corresponding to FAO activities. Tissues that originated from transgenic plants with down-regulated FAO activity were highly regenerative, while those from transgenic plants with upregulated FAO activity were poorly regenerative. The shoot regeneration capacity in these transgenic plants was related to the levels of individual PAs, suggesting that FAO affects shoot regeneration by regulating cellular PAs. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of FAO activity on shoot regeneration was exerted downstream of the Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration (ESR1) gene, which may function in a branch of the cytokinin signalling pathway.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Tissues from transgenic plants with down-regulated FAO activity were highly regenerative.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- down-regulated FAO activitye2
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration responsee1
- Direction
- highly regenerativee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea flavin-containing amine oxidases”
e1“shoot regeneration response”
e2“Tissues that originated from transgenic plants with down-regulated FAO activity were highly regenerative, while those from transgenic plants with upregulated FAO activity were poorly regenerative”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissues from transgenic plants with upregulated FAO activity were poorly regenerative.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- upregulated FAO activitye2
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration responsee1
- Direction
- poorly regenerativee2
- Comparator
- down-regulated FAO activitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea flavin-containing amine oxidases”
e1“shoot regeneration response”
e2“Tissues that originated from transgenic plants with down-regulated FAO activity were highly regenerative, while those from transgenic plants with upregulated FAO activity were poorly regenerative”
Claim · model-written summary
The shoot regeneration capacity of transgenic plants was related to the levels of individual polyamines.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- PAse3
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration capacitye3
- Direction
- relatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea flavin-containing amine oxidases”
e3“The shoot regeneration capacity in these transgenic plants was related to the levels of individual PAs”
Claim · model-written summary
FAO is suggested to affect shoot regeneration by regulating cellular polyamines.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- cellular PAse4
- Outcome
- shoot regeneratione4
- Qualifier
- by regulating cellular PAse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea flavin-containing amine oxidases”
e4“suggesting that FAO affects shoot regeneration by regulating cellular PAs”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of FAO activity on shoot regeneration is exerted downstream of the ESR1 gene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ESR1e5
- Outcome
- effect of FAO activity on shoot regeneratione5
- Qualifier
- downstream of the Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration (ESR1) genee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea flavin-containing amine oxidases”
e5“the effect of FAO activity on shoot regeneration was exerted downstream of the Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration (ESR1) gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ATFAO1 is temporally and spatially regulated in Arabidopsis and shows distinct expression patterns under different stress treatments.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Treatment
- different stress treatmentse6
- Gene
- ATFAO1e6
- Outcome
- expression patternse6
- Qualifier
- temporally and spatially regulatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ATFAO1 was temporally and spatially regulated in Arabidopsis and showed distinct expression patterns in response to different stress treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
BJFAO and ATFAO1 cluster in the same group as maize and barley polyamine oxidases.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceae0 - Gene
- BJFAOe0
- Outcome
- clustered in the same groupe7
- Comparator
- polyamine oxidases from maize (MPAO) and barley (BPAO1)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from Brassica juncea (BJFAO) and Arabidopsis (ATFAO1)”
e7“clustered in the same group as polyamine oxidases from maize (MPAO) and barley (BPAO1)”