Abstract
Using monoclonal tubulin and actin antibodies, Al-mediated alterations to microtubules (MTs) and actin microfilaments (MFs) were shown to be most prominent in cells of the distal part of the transition zone (DTZ) of an Al-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar. An early response to Al (1 h, 90 μM) was the depletion of MTs in cells of the DTZ, specifically in the outermost cortical cell file. However, no prominent changes to the MT cytoskeleton were found in elongating cells treated with Al for 1 h in spite of severe inhibition of root elongation. Al-induced early alterations to actin MFs were less dramatic and consisted of increased actin fluorescence of partially disintegrated MF arrays in cells of the DTZ. These tissue- and development-specific alterations to the cytoskeleton were preceded by and/or coincided with Al-induced depolarization of the plasma membrane and with callose formation, particularly in the outer cortex cells of the DTZ. Longer Al supplies (>6 h) led to progressive enhancements of lesions to the MT cytoskeleton in the epidermis and two to three outer cortex cell files. Our data show that the cytoskeleton in the cells of the DTZ is especially sensitive to Al, consistent with the recently proposed specific Al sensitivity of this unique, apical maize root zone.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum altered microtubules and actin most strongly in distal transition zone cells.
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- alterations to microtubules (MTs) and actin microfilaments (MFs)e0
- Direction
- most prominente0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-mediated alterations to microtubules (MTs) and actin microfilaments (MFs) were shown to be most prominent in cells of the distal part of the transition zone (DTZ) of an Al-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum depleted microtubules in outermost cortical cells after one hour.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An early response to Al (1 h, 90 μM) was the depletion of MTs in cells of the DTZ, specifically in the outermost cortical cell file”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Elongating cells showed no prominent microtubule changes after one hour of Al exposure.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no prominent changes to the MT cytoskeleton were found in elongating cells treated with Al for 1 h”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum severely inhibited root elongation.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“severe inhibition of root elongation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum increased actin fluorescence in partly disintegrated arrays.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased actin fluorescence of partially disintegrated MF arrays in cells of the DTZ”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytoskeletal alterations followed or coincided with membrane depolarization and callose formation.
- Outcome
- alterations to the cytoskeletone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These tissue- and development-specific alterations to the cytoskeleton were preceded by and/or coincided with Al-induced depolarization of the plasma membrane and with callose formation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum exposure over six hours progressively enhanced microtubule lesions.
- Treatment
- Al supplies (>6 h)e0
- Outcome
- lesions to the MT cytoskeletone0
- Direction
- progressive enhancementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longer Al supplies (>6 h) led to progressive enhancements of lesions to the MT cytoskeleton in the epidermis and two to three outer cortex cell files”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium atom · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.