Abstract
No-tillage systems, associated to black oat as preceding cover crop, have been increasingly adopted. This has motivated anticipated maize nitrogen fertilization, transferring it from the side-dress system at the stage when plants have five to six expanded leaves to when the preceding cover crop is eliminated or to maize sowing. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil tillage system and timing of N fertilization on maize grain yield and agronomic efficiency of N applied to a soil with high organic matter content. A three-year field experiment was conducted in Lages, state of Santa Catarina, from 1999 onwards. Treatments were set up in a split plot arrangement. Two soil tillage systems were tested in the main plots: conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). Six N management systems were assessed in the split-plots: S1 - control, without N application; S2 - all N (100 kg ha-1) applied at oat desiccation; S3 - all N applied at maize sowing; S4 - all N side-dressed when maize had five expanded leaves (V5 growth stage); S5 - 1/3 of N rate applied at maize sowing and 2/3 at V5; S6 - 2/3 of nitrogen rate applied at maize sowing and 1/3 at V5. Maize response to the time and form of splitting N was not affected by the soil tillage system. Grain yield ranged from 6.0 to 11.8 t ha-1. The anticipation of N application (S2 and S3) decreased grain yield in two of three years. In the rainiest early spring season (2000/2001) of the experiment, S4 promoted an yield advantage of 2.2 t ha-1 over S2 and S3. Application of total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of kernels produced per ear in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 and the number of ears produced per area in 2001/2002, resulting in reduced grain yield. The agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg grain increase/kg of N applied) ranged from 13.9 to 38.8 and was always higher in the S4 than in the S2 and S3 N systems. Short-term N immobilization did not reduce grain yield when no N was applied before or at maize sowing in a soil with high organic matter content, regardless of the soil tillage system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield ranged from 6.0 to 11.8 t ha-1 across treatments.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e1“Grain yield ranged from 6.0 to 11.8 t ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Anticipating N application at oat desiccation or maize sowing decreased maize grain yield in two of three years.
- Treatment
- anticipation of N application (S2 and S3)e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- in two of three yearse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e2“The anticipation of N application (S2 and S3) decreased grain yield in two of three years”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 promoted a maize yield advantage of 2.2 t ha-1 over S2 and S3 in the rainiest early spring season.
- Treatment
- S4e3
- Outcome
- yield advantagee3
- Direction
- promotede3
- Value
- 2.2 t ha-1e3
- Comparator
- S2 and S3e3
- Setting
- rainiest early spring season (2000/2001)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e3“In the rainiest early spring season (2000/2001) of the experiment, S4 promoted an yield advantage of 2.2 t ha-1 over S2 and S3”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of kernels per ear in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002.
- Treatment
- Application of total N rate before or at sowinge4
- Outcome
- number of kernels produced per eare4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e4“Application of total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of kernels produced per ear in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 and the number of ears produced per area in 2001/2002, resulting in reduced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of ears per area in 2001/2002.
- Treatment
- Application of total N rate before or at sowinge4
- Outcome
- number of ears produced per areae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- in 2001/2002e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e4“Application of total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of kernels produced per ear in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 and the number of ears produced per area in 2001/2002, resulting in reduced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying total N rate before or at sowing reduced maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e4“Application of total N rate before or at sowing decreased the number of kernels produced per ear in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 and the number of ears produced per area in 2001/2002, resulting in reduced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The agronomic efficiency of applied N ranged from 13.9 to 38.8 kg grain increase/kg of N applied in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e5“The agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg grain increase/kg of N applied) ranged from 13.9 to 38.8 and was always higher in the S4 than in the S2 and S3 N systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The agronomic efficiency of applied N was always higher in the S4 system than in the S2 and S3 systems.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e5“The agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg grain increase/kg of N applied) ranged from 13.9 to 38.8 and was always higher in the S4 than in the S2 and S3 N systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term N immobilization did not reduce maize grain yield when no N was applied before or at sowing, regardless of tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e6“Short-term N immobilization did not reduce grain yield when no N was applied before or at maize sowing in a soil with high organic matter content, regardless of the soil tillage system”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize response to the time and form of splitting N was not affected by the soil tillage system.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize response to nitrogen fertilization timing in two tillage systems”
e7“Maize response to the time and form of splitting N was not affected by the soil tillage system”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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