Abstract
The effect of 5 preseason management treatments on seed set reduction of annual weed grasses and their regeneration in the following autumn was evaluated in a 2-year field experiment commencing at Orange in spring 1986. Preseason (spring) treatments were paraquat, glyphosate (2 rates), unsprayed heavy grazing, and unsprayed control. In the first of 2 successive wheat crops (planted 1987), 3 in-crop weed control treatments [control, chlorsulfuron (both sod-seeded), and trifluralin plus cultivation] were imposed. In 1988, the second wheat crop was sown into a cultivated seedbed or direct-drilled. The preseason treatments reduced potential annual grass regeneration by 91-99% compared with the control, with heavy grazing being the best treatment. For each preseason treatment compared with the control, the pattern of actual seedling emergence within the crop during 1987 was similar to that of potential emergence for each grass species (except Lolium rigidum), but numbers were lower and more variable (7-86% of potential numbers). The proportion of Bromus spp. and Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to the second crop, while L. rigidum increased to an average of 93% of the annual grass population in 1988. Trifluralin plus cultivation increased the control of annual grasses in 1987. In 1988, the 1987 in-crop treatments had little carryover effect on annual grass control; however, wheat grain yield was increased by both chlorsulfuron and trifluralin. Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds, and this control was maintained under cropping for at least 2 years (except for L. rigidum). Wheat grain yield responded to this control. Long-term control of L. rigidum where soil is disturbed appears difficult because of apparent long-lived seed in the soil.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Preseason treatments reduced potential annual grass regeneration by 91-99% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- preseason treatmentse0
- Interactor
- annual grasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass regeneratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91-99%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preseason treatments reduced potential annual grass regeneration by 91-99% compared with the control”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing was the best preseason treatment for reducing annual grass regeneration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heavy grazinge0
- Interactor
- annual grasse1weed
- Outcome
- annual grass regeneratione1
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with heavy grazing being the best treatment”
e1“annual grass regeneration”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In-crop grass seedling emergence was 7-86% of potential emergence and more variable.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence within the crope1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 7-86%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“numbers were lower and more variable (7-86% of potential numbers)”
e1“actual seedling emergence within the crop during 1987”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of Bromus spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to second crop.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- emerging within the crope0
- Direction
- declinede0
BromusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of Bromus spp. and Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to the second crop”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to second crop.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Vulpia spp.Festuca subgen. Vulpiae0weed
- Outcome
- emerging within the crope0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of Bromus spp. and Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to the second crop”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Lolium rigidum increased to an average 93% of annual grasses in the second crop.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- L. rigidum
Lolium rigidume0weed - Outcome
- annual grass populatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 93%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. rigidum increased to an average of 93% of the annual grass population in 1988”
e1“Lolium rigidum”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin plus cultivation increased annual grass control in 1987.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trifluralin plus cultivatione0
- Interactor
- annual grassese0weed
- Outcome
- control of annual grassese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin plus cultivation increased the control of annual grasses in 1987”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1987 in-crop treatments had little carryover effect on annual grass control in 1988.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1987 in-crop treatmentse0
- Interactor
- annual grasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass controle0
- Direction
- littlee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 1987 in-crop treatments had little carryover effect on annual grass control”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorsulfuron increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yield was increased by both chlorsulfuron and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
trifluralin increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yield was increased by both chlorsulfuron and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Preseason managemente0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- seed set of annual grass weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grass weed control persisted under cropping for at least two years except for L. rigidum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Qualifier
- at least 2 years (except for L. rigidum)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this control was maintained under cropping for at least 2 years (except for L. rigidum)”
e1“annual grass weeds”
t0“wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield responded to preseason weed control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Preseason managemente1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grain yield responded to this control”
e1“Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider long-term L. rigidum control difficult where soil is disturbed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- L. rigidumLolium rigidume0weed
- Outcome
- Long-term control of L. rigidume0
- Qualifier
- where soil is disturbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term control of L. rigidum where soil is disturbed appears difficult”
t0“wheat crops”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
- no effect
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See all 9 papers →chlorsulfuron · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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- negative
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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grazing · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.