Abstract
The parasitoid Aphelinus mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards The effects of seven pesticides on A mali exposed to residues on filter paper were assessed in a laboratory bioassay immediately postapplication Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic but other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A mali Another bioassay incorporating field application and exposure to aged residues on leaves determined the toxicity of carbaryl diazinon indoxacarb and lime sulphur Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A mali on harvested leaves causing 85 mortality 21 days after application declining to 40 by 28 days In contrast diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application while indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic to Aphelinus mali.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- Spinosad at label ratee0
- Interactor
- Aphelinus mali
Aphelinus malie1biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- woolly apple aphid
Eriosoma lanigerume1pest - Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- moderately to highly toxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic”
e1“The parasitoid Aphelinus mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Other compounds and lower spinosad rates had no detrimental effect on Aphelinus mali.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- lower rates of spinosade0
- Interactor
- A maliAphelinus malie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- detrimental effects on A malie0
- Direction
- no detrimental effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A mali”
e1“New Zealand apple orchards”
e2“parasitoid Aphelinus mali”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl residue caused 85 mortality after 21 days and 40 by 28 days in Aphelinus mali.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Carbaryle0
- Interactor
- A maliAphelinus malie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- declininge0
- Value
- 85e0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A mali on harvested leaves causing 85 mortality 21 days after application declining to 40 by 28 days”
e1“New Zealand apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazinon residues ceased being toxic after 15 days despite high initial mortality.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- diazinone0
- Interactor
- A maliAphelinus malie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application”
e1“New Zealand apple orchards”
e2“A mali exposed to residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic to Aphelinus mali.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- indoxyacarb and lime sulphure0
- Interactor
- A maliAphelinus malie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- not toxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic”
e1“New Zealand apple orchards”
e2“A mali exposed to residues”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend minimizing pesticides toxic to Aphelinus mali to aid sustainable aphid management.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- A maliAphelinus malie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A malie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards”
The same questions in other papers
carbaryl · Aphelinus mali · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.