Abstract
The effects of six applied N treatments differing by rates and frequencies of application on the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili') grown for seed was studied. The timing of N applications was based on crop phenology, leaf petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (NO 3 -N) minimum thresholds, and scheduled calendar applications of fixed amounts of N. Solubilized NH 4 NO 3 was applied through a trickle-irrigation system to ensure uniform and timely applications of N. Rate of mature (green and red) fruit production was unaffected by any treatment except weekly applications of 28 kg·ha -1 of N, which stopped production of mature fruit before all other treatments. Early season floral bud and flower production increased with increasing amounts of N. The two highest total N treatments produced more floral buds and flowers late in the season than the other treatments. Total fruit production was maximized at 240 kg N/ha. Differences in total fruit production due to frequency of N application resulted at the highest total N level. Red fruit production tended to be maximized with total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha -1 and below, although weekly applications of N reduced production. Total seed yield was a function of red fruit production. Pure-1ive seed (PLS) production was a function of total seed production. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit production also decreased with N rates >240 kg·ha -1 , but PLS yield and NUE decreased in a near-linear fashion as the amount of total seasonal applied N increased, regardless of application frequency. Season average NO 3 -N (AVE NO 3 -N) values >4500 mg·kg -1 had total seed and PLS yields less than those treatments <4000 mg·kg- 1 . Six-day germination percentage was reduced with weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha -1 . Seed mass was reduced with weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha -1 . Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergence were unaffected by any of the N treatments. These findings indicate that different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yield and, therefore, there may be an advantage to growing `Anaheim Chili' pepper specifically for seed.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly 28 kg·ha -1 nitrogen stopped mature fruit production earlier than other treatments.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.
Capsicum annuum var. annuume1 - Treatment
- weekly applications of 28 kg·ha -1 of Ne0
- Outcome
- production of mature fruite0
- Direction
- stoppede0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weekly applications of 28 kg·ha -1 of N, which stopped production of mature fruit before all other treatments”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Early floral buds and flowers increased with nitrogen amount.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- increasing amounts of Ne0
- Outcome
- floral bud and flower productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early season floral bud and flower production increased with increasing amounts of N”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
The two highest total nitrogen treatments produced more late floral buds and flowers.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- two highest total N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- floral buds and flowerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two highest total N treatments produced more floral buds and flowers late in the season than the other treatments”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fruit production was greatest at 240 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- 240 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- Total fruit productione0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total fruit production was maximized at 240 kg N/ha”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest total nitrogen level, application frequency changed total fruit production.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- frequency of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- total fruit productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in total fruit production due to frequency of N application resulted at the highest total N level”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Red fruit production tended to be greatest at seasonal nitrogen rates of 240 kg·ha -1 or below.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha -1 and belowe0
- Outcome
- Red fruit productione0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red fruit production tended to be maximized with total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha -1 and below”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly nitrogen applications reduced red fruit production.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume2
- Treatment
- weekly applications of Ne0
- Outcome
- Red fruit productione1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weekly applications of N reduced production”
e1“Red fruit production tended to be maximized”
e2“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Total seed yield depended on red fruit production.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- Total seed yielde0
- Comparator
- red fruit productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total seed yield was a function of red fruit production”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure-live seed production depended on total seed production.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- Pure-1ive seed (PLS) productione0
- Comparator
- total seed productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure-1ive seed (PLS) production was a function of total seed production”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency for red fruit declined above 240 kg·ha -1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- N rates >240 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit production also decreased with N rates >240 kg·ha -1”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure-live seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency declined nearly linearly with total seasonal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- amount of total seasonal applied Ne0
- Outcome
- PLS yield and NUEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PLS yield and NUE decreased in a near-linear fashion as the amount of total seasonal applied N increased, regardless of application frequency”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments with season-average nitrate above 4500 mg·kg -1 yielded less total and pure-live seed than treatments below 4000 mg·kg- 1.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- total seed and PLS yieldse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- >4500 mg·kg -1e0
- Comparator
- those treatments <4000 mg·kg- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Season average NO 3 -N (AVE NO 3 -N) values >4500 mg·kg -1 had total seed and PLS yields less than those treatments <4000 mg·kg- 1”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly 14 kg·ha -1 nitrogen reduced six-day seed germination.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- Six-day germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six-day germination percentage was reduced with weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha -1”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly 28 kg·ha -1 nitrogen reduced seed mass.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- Seed masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed mass was reduced with weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha -1”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatments did not affect final germination, seedling root traits or field emergence.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergencee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergence were unaffected by any of the N treatments”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that seed and fruit yield require different nitrogen management strategies.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.Capsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yield”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili')”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · phenology · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
nitrogen · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.