Abstract
Organic vegetable producers have limited options for managing weeds. They cite weed management as their number one research priority. Studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at the Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey, to determine the weed suppressive effects of summer cover crops in organic kale production. Treatments consisted of grain sorghum, sudangrass, hairy vetch, grain amaranth, pea, and fallow. Weed density and total weed dry biomass were assessed before and at 14, 28, and 56 d after incorporation (DAI) of the cover crops. Kale was transplanted 14 DAI and hand weeded once after last weed evaluation (56 DAI). All cover crops produced at least 1 ton/ha (t/ha) biomass; grain sorghum produced more dry matter than all other cover crops in both years. After incorporation of the cover crops, hairy vetch and sorghum treatments showed fewer species, lower weed density, and total weed dry biomass compared with other treatments. Cover crops suppressed emergence of common purslane, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, European heliotrope, field pennycress, annual sowthistle, black nightshade, shepherd's-purse, wild mustard, sun spurge, Persian speedwell, annual mercury, and jimsonweed up to 56 DAI. Total kale yield in hairy vetch treatments was more than double that of the no cover crop, and was significantly higher than yield from the other cover crop treatments. These results indicate that hairy vetch, grain sorghum, and sudangrass have ability to suppress early-season weeds in organic kale production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All cover crops produced at least 1 t/ha biomass.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Outcome
- biomasse0
- Value
- 1 ton/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All cover crops produced at least 1 ton/ha (t/ha) biomass”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain sorghum produced more dry matter than other cover crops in both years.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- all other cover cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain sorghum produced more dry matter than all other cover crops in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch reduced weed species relative to other treatments after incorporation.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- Weedt0weed
- Outcome
- fewer speciese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch and sorghum treatments showed fewer species, lower weed density, and total weed dry biomass compared with other treatments”
t0“Weed Management in Organically Grown Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum reduced weed species relative to other treatments after incorporation.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- sorghume0
- Interactor
- Weedt0weed
- Outcome
- fewer speciese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch and sorghum treatments showed fewer species, lower weed density, and total weed dry biomass compared with other treatments”
t0“Weed Management in Organically Grown Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch reduced weed density and dry biomass versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, and total weed dry biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch and sorghum treatments showed fewer species, lower weed density, and total weed dry biomass compared with other treatments”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum reduced weed density and dry biomass versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- sorghume0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, and total weed dry biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch and sorghum treatments showed fewer species, lower weed density, and total weed dry biomass compared with other treatments”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops suppressed emergence of listed weed species through 56 days after incorporation.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Cover cropse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- up to 56 DAIe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crops suppressed emergence of common purslane, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, European heliotrope, field pennycress, annual sowthistle, black nightshade, shepherd's-purse, wild mustard, sun spurge, Persian speedwell, annual mercury, and jimsonweed up to 56 DAI”
t0“kale”
t1“Weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch more than doubled kale yield versus no cover crop.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- Total kale yielde0
- Direction
- more than doublee0
- Comparator
- no cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total kale yield in hairy vetch treatments was more than double that of the no cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch kale yield exceeded other cover crop treatments significantly.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- Total kale yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other cover crop treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total kale yield in hairy vetch treatments was more than double that of the no cover crop, and was significantly higher than yield from the other cover crop treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify hairy vetch, grain sorghum, and sudangrass as capable of suppressing early season weeds.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- hairy vetch, grain sorghum, and sudangrasse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- suppress early-season weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch, grain sorghum, and sudangrass have ability to suppress early-season weeds in organic kale production”
The same questions in other papers
Vicia villosa · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Sorghum · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cover crop · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.