Abstract
Abstract Cover crop residue left on the soil surface as organic mulch in no-tillage crop production provides several environmental benefits, including weed suppression. Thus, many farmers who use cover crops attempt to reduce the use of agricultural inputs, especially herbicides. Therefore, our objectives were to study the potential of different cover crop species to suppress weeds and produce an in situ organic mulch and to evaluate the effect of the organic mulch with and without spraying glyphosate on weed suppression for vegetable (tomato [ Solanum lycopersicum L.] and broccoli [ Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ]) growth and yield. Five cover crop treatments (sunn hemp [ Crotalaria juncea L.], jack bean [ Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.], pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], forage sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor ], and no cover crop [control]) were used in the main plots; and glyphosate was or was not sprayed on the flattened cover crop in the subplots of this split-plot experimental design. Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum, and sunn hemp resulted in lower weed biomass during the early seasons of both tomato and broccoli than mulch from jack bean and no cover crop (control). Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m −2 and 20 g m −2 by 45 and 60 d after transplanting (DATr) of tomato, respectively, and resulted in a better tomato yield compared with not spraying. Glyphosate reduced weed biomass by 110 g m −2 in the early season of broccoli (30 DATr) but did not affect yield. Terminating high-biomass cover crops with a roller-crimper is a promising technique for weed management in vegetable crops that has the potential to reduce or even eliminate the need for herbicide.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum and sunn hemp gave lower weed biomass in the early season of tomato than mulch from jack bean or no cover crop.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum, and sunn hempe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- during the early seasonse0
- Comparator
- mulch from jack bean and no cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum, and sunn hemp resulted in lower weed biomass during the early seasons of both tomato and broccoli than mulch from jack bean and no cover crop (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum and sunn hemp gave lower weed biomass in the early season of broccoli than mulch from jack bean or no cover crop.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum, and sunn hempe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- during the early seasonse0
- Comparator
- mulch from jack bean and no cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum, and sunn hemp resulted in lower weed biomass during the early seasons of both tomato and broccoli than mulch from jack bean and no cover crop (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m -2 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimpinge1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 103 g m −2e1
- Qualifier
- after transplanting (DATr)e1
- Comparator
- not sprayinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m −2 and 20 g m −2 by 45 and 60 d after transplanting (DATr) of tomato, respectively, and resulted in a better tomato yield compared with not spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 20 g m -2 in tomato at 60 DATr.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimpinge1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 20 g m −2e1
- Qualifier
- after transplanting (DATr)e1
- Comparator
- not sprayinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m −2 and 20 g m −2 by 45 and 60 d after transplanting (DATr) of tomato, respectively, and resulted in a better tomato yield compared with not spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping gave a better tomato yield than not spraying.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimpinge1
- Outcome
- tomato yielde1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- not sprayinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Spraying glyphosate after roller-crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m −2 and 20 g m −2 by 45 and 60 d after transplanting (DATr) of tomato, respectively, and resulted in a better tomato yield compared with not spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced weed biomass by 110 g m -2 in the early season of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 110 g m −2e2
- Qualifier
- 30 DATre2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glyphosate reduced weed biomass by 110 g m −2 in the early season of broccoli (30 DATr) but did not affect yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate did not affect broccoli yield.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glyphosate reduced weed biomass by 110 g m −2 in the early season of broccoli (30 DATr) but did not affect yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminating high-biomass cover crops with a roller-crimper is a promising technique for weed management in vegetable crops that could reduce the need for herbicide.
Verbatim
e3“Terminating high-biomass cover crops with a roller-crimper is a promising technique for weed management in vegetable crops that has the potential to reduce or even eliminate the need for herbicide”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
glyphosate · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Crotalaria juncea · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Sorghum · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Crotalaria juncea · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Sorghum · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glyphosate · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
organic · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.