Abstract
Growth chamber studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the aquatic herbicide fluridone for control of fanwort, and to assess the impact of treatment on the nontarget plant, water marigold. Treatments included static exposures of 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g fluridone L -1 . Changes in pigment concentrations within the plant (phytoene, β-carotene, and chlorophyll) and biomass were used to appraise treatment efficacy. For fanwort, phytoene levels increased 82% and β-carotene decreased 88% when exposed to 5 g fluridone L -1 for 14 days. Effects on these two pigments persisted through 84 days after treatment (DAT) for fanwort. In contrast, phytoene content was not affected in water marigold however, plants exposed to ≥10 µg fluridone L -1 showed reduced β-carotene 84 DAT. Leaf chlorophyll decreased with increasing fluridone concentration in fanwort whereas in water marigold, decreased chlorophyll was observed in plants treated with rates of 7.5 g L -1 and higher. Despite these observed differences in pigment response, all fluridone treatments significantly reduced shoot dry weight biomass. Overall, the data showed that biomass and pigment levels of water marigold were minimally impacted following treatment of 5 g L -1 fluridone. However, the dose of fluridone required to control fanwort by >80%, severely inhibited water
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In fanwort, phytoene increased 82% after 14 days at 5 g fluridone L -1.
- Taxon
- fanworte0
- Treatment
- 5 g fluridone L -1e0
- Outcome
- phytoene levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For fanwort, phytoene levels increased 82% and β-carotene decreased 88% when exposed to 5 g fluridone L -1 for 14 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
In fanwort, β-carotene decreased 88% after 14 days at 5 g fluridone L -1.
- Taxon
- fanworte0
- Treatment
- 5 g fluridone L -1e0
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For fanwort, phytoene levels increased 82% and β-carotene decreased 88% when exposed to 5 g fluridone L -1 for 14 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fanwort pigment effects persisted through 84 days after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Effects on these two pigments persisted through 84 days after treatment (DAT) for fanwort.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone did not affect water marigold phytoene content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“phytoene content was not affected in water marigold”
t0“Fluridone”
Claim · model-written summary
Water marigold β-carotene was reduced at at least 10 µg fluridone L -1 by 84 DAT.
- Taxon
- Water Marigoldt0
- Treatment
- ≥10 µg fluridone L -1e0
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 84 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to ≥10 µg fluridone L -1 showed reduced β-carotene 84 DAT”
t0“Water Marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Fanwort leaf chlorophyll decreased as fluridone concentration rose.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll decreased with increasing fluridone concentration in fanwort”
Claim · model-written summary
Water marigold chlorophyll decreased at fluridone rates of 7.5 g L -1 or higher.
- Taxon
- water marigolde0
- Treatment
- rates of 7.5 g L -1 and highere0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in water marigold, decreased chlorophyll was observed in plants treated with rates of 7.5 g L -1 and higher”
Claim · model-written summary
All fluridone treatments significantly reduced fanwort shoot dry weight biomass.
- Taxon
- Fanwortt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- all fluridone treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all fluridone treatments significantly reduced shoot dry weight biomass”
t0“Fanwort”
Claim · model-written summary
All fluridone treatments significantly reduced water marigold shoot dry weight biomass.
- Taxon
- Water Marigoldt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- all fluridone treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all fluridone treatments significantly reduced shoot dry weight biomass”
t0“Water Marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Water marigold biomass and pigments were minimally impacted by 5 g L -1 fluridone.
- Taxon
- water marigolde0
- Treatment
- 5 g L -1 fluridonee0
- Outcome
- biomass and pigment levelse0
- Direction
- minimally impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“biomass and pigment levels of water marigold were minimally impacted following treatment of 5 g L -1 fluridone”
Claim · model-written summary
The dose controlling fanwort by over 80% severely inhibited water marigold, though the endpoint text is truncated.
Verbatim
e0“the dose of fluridone required to control fanwort by >80%, severely inhibited water”