Abstract
Crop yield can be improved by minimizing plant-to-plant variability in seedling emergence. A study was conducted to determine the effect of variations in seed size and planting depth within a plot on emergence, proportion of infertile plants and grain yield in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Large seed (40.8 mg kernel −1 ) was hand planted at 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths, creating three uniform seed size - planting depth treatments. Three other treatments consisted of repeating patterns within the same row: three large seeds and one small seed (23.4 mg kernel −1 ) at each of 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths. Two additional treatments consisted of 1) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 50 mm deep and 2) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 75 mm deep within the same row. Variation in seed size or planting depth within a row had no impact on percentage emergence, but nonuniform planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants, mainly as a result of late-emerging plants. On a single-plant basis, mainstem grain yields were relatively uniform, but tiller grain yields were highly variable. When small and large seeds were planted 75 mm deep within a plot, the small-seeded plants produced 34% lower tiller grain yield than neighbouring large-seeded plants, while the large-seeded plants produced 10% higher tiller grain yield than plants from a treatment in which only large seeds were planted. Thus, the variation in seed size within a plot had no impact on total grain yield per plot. When seed was planted at variable depths within a plot, grain yield per plant produced by deep-seeded (75 mm) plants was only 20% of that produced by neighbouring shallow-seeded (25 mm) plants and was only 26% of that produced by plants where all seeds were planted deep (75 mm). Within-plot variation in planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants (up to 158%) and decreased the grain yield. To maximize grain yield in hard red spring wheat, seed should be planted at uniform, shallow planting depth. Key words: Seed size, planting depth, emergence, fertile plants, interplant variation
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Within-row variation in seed size did not affect percentage emergence.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Variation in seed sizee0
- Outcome
- percentage emergencee0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Variation in seed size or planting depth within a row had no impact on percentage emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-row variation in planting depth did not affect percentage emergence.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- planting depthe0
- Outcome
- percentage emergencee0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Variation in seed size or planting depth within a row had no impact on percentage emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonuniform planting depth increased infertile plants, mainly among late emergers.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nonuniform planting depthe0
- Outcome
- proportion of infertile plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- late-emerging plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“nonuniform planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants, mainly as a result of late-emerging plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mainstem grain yield was relatively uniform among individual plants.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mainstem grain yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“mainstem grain yields were relatively uniform”
Claim · model-written summary
Tiller grain yield was highly variable among individual plants.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- tiller grain yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“tiller grain yields were highly variable”
Claim · model-written summary
Small-seeded plants at 75 mm yielded 34% less tiller grain than neighboring large-seeded plants.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- small-seeded plantse0
- Outcome
- tiller grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Comparator
- neighbouring large-seeded plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“small-seeded plants produced 34% lower tiller grain yield than neighbouring large-seeded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Large-seeded plants in mixed-size plots had 10% higher tiller yield than those in uniform large-seed plots.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- large-seeded plantse0
- Outcome
- tiller grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- plants from a treatment in which only large seeds were plantede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“large-seeded plants produced 10% higher tiller grain yield than plants from a treatment in which only large seeds were planted”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-plot seed-size variation did not affect total grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- variation in seed size within a plote0
- Outcome
- total grain yield per plote0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“variation in seed size within a plot had no impact on total grain yield per plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-seeded plants in variable-depth plots yielded only 20% of neighboring shallow-seeded plants.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- deep-seeded (75 mm) plantse0
- Outcome
- only 20%e0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- neighbouring shallow-seeded (25 mm) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“deep-seeded (75 mm) plants was only 20% of that produced by neighbouring shallow-seeded (25 mm) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-seeded plants in variable-depth plots yielded only 26% of plants in uniform deep plots.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- only 26%e0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- plants where all seeds were planted deep (75 mm)e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“was only 26% of that produced by plants where all seeds were planted deep (75 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-plot planting-depth variation increased infertile plants by up to 158%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Within-plot variation in planting depthe0
- Outcome
- proportion of infertile plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 158%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Within-plot variation in planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants (up to 158%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-plot planting-depth variation decreased grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Within-plot variation in planting depthe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Within-plot variation in planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants (up to 158%) and decreased the grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend uniform, shallow planting depth to maximize wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed should be planted at uniform, shallow planting depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“To maximize grain yield in hard red spring wheat, seed should be planted at uniform, shallow planting depth.”
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