Abstract
Cotton leaves are more physiologically active than the bract and the capsule wall of the fruiting structures. To elucidate the disparities in their physiological behaviour, epidermal cell density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density and type, and epicuticular wax ultrastructure of cotton leaf, bract and capsule wall were delineated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The epidermal cells of the outer periclinal walls on both surfaces of the leaf and bract were raised and convex. Conversely, the capsule wall epidermal cells were polygonal with flat outer periclinal walls. The stomatal complex in the leaf and bract was paracytic, whereas in the capsule wall the stomatal complex was anomocytic. The adaxial and abaxial stomata of the leaf were coplanar to the epidermal surface, as opposed to the raised adaxial stomata on the bract. On the contrary, the stomata on the capsule wall surface appeared to be slightly sunken. Furthermore, the capsule wall stomata were larger than the stomata on either surface of both the leaf and the bract. The stomatal index was greater on the abaxial surfaces of the leaf and the bract (18.4 and 9.4, respectively) than their corresponding adaxial surfaces (14.4 and 4.7, respectively). Leaves had the highest stomatal index followed by the bract and the capsule wall. The indumentum consisted of glandular and nonglandular trichomes, the density of which was greater on the abaxial surfaces than on the adaxial surfaces of the leaf and bract. The capsule wall indumentum lacked nonglandular trichomes. Epicuticular wax occurred in the form of striations. However, the striation pattern varied among the organs. This study clearly illustrates morphological disparities in the epidermal features of leaf, bract and capsule wall, helping to explain their physiological divergence. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and bract epidermal cells had raised, convex outer periclinal walls on both surfaces.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Organ / stage
- leaf and bracte0
- Outcome
- raised and convexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The epidermal cells of the outer periclinal walls on both surfaces of the leaf and bract were raised and convex.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule wall epidermal cells were polygonal with flat outer periclinal walls.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- capsule walle0
- Outcome
- polygonal with flat outer periclinal wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the capsule wall epidermal cells were polygonal with flat outer periclinal walls.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and bract stomatal complexes were paracytic.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and bracte0
- Outcome
- paracytice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal complex in the leaf and bract was paracytic”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule wall stomatal complexes were anomocytic.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- capsule walle0
- Outcome
- anomocytice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the capsule wall the stomatal complex was anomocytic.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf stomata on both surfaces were coplanar to the epidermis.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- coplanar to the epidermal surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adaxial and abaxial stomata of the leaf were coplanar to the epidermal surface”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Bract adaxial stomata were raised.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- bracte0
- Outcome
- raised adaxial stomatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the raised adaxial stomata on the bract.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule wall stomata appeared slightly sunken.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- capsule walle0
- Outcome
- slightly sunkene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stomata on the capsule wall surface appeared to be slightly sunken.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule wall stomata were larger than leaf and bract stomata.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- capsule walle0
- Outcome
- stomatae0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- leaf and the bracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the capsule wall stomata were larger than the stomata on either surface of both the leaf and the bract.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf abaxial stomatal index was 18.4 versus 14.4 adaxially.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 18.4e0
- Qualifier
- 14.4e0
- Comparator
- adaxial surfacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal index was greater on the abaxial surfaces of the leaf and the bract (18.4 and 9.4, respectively) than their corresponding adaxial surfaces (14.4 and 4.7, respectively).”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Bract abaxial stomatal index was 9.4 versus 4.7 adaxially.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- bracte0
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.4e0
- Qualifier
- 4.7e0
- Comparator
- adaxial surfacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal index was greater on the abaxial surfaces of the leaf and the bract (18.4 and 9.4, respectively) than their corresponding adaxial surfaces (14.4 and 4.7, respectively).”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves had the highest stomatal index, followed by bract and capsule wall.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- bract and the capsule walle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves had the highest stomatal index followed by the bract and the capsule wall.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and bract indumentum contained glandular and nonglandular trichomes with greater abaxial density.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and bracte0
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- glandular and nonglandular trichomese0
- Comparator
- adaxial surfacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The indumentum consisted of glandular and nonglandular trichomes, the density of which was greater on the abaxial surfaces than on the adaxial surfaces of the leaf and bract.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule wall indumentum lacked nonglandular trichomes.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- capsule walle0
- Outcome
- lacked nonglandular trichomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The capsule wall indumentum lacked nonglandular trichomes.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Epicuticular wax formed striations whose pattern varied among organs.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- striation pattern varied among the organse0
- Qualifier
- Epicuticular wax occurred in the form of striationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epicuticular wax occurred in the form of striations. However, the striation pattern varied among the organs.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Epidermal morphological disparities help explain physiological divergence among the organs.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- physiological divergencee0
- Qualifier
- morphological disparities in the epidermal featurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study clearly illustrates morphological disparities in the epidermal features of leaf, bract and capsule wall, helping to explain their physiological divergence.”
t0“Cotton”