Abstract
Plant density and harvest time were manipulated to optimize vegetative (foliar) productivity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] canopies for future dietary use in controlled ecological life-support systems as vegetables or salad greens. Productivity was measured as total shoot and edible dry weights (DW), edible yield rate [(EYR) grams DW per square meter per day], shoot harvest index [(SHI) grams DW per edible gram DW total shoot], and yield-efficiency rate [(YER) grams DW edible per square meter per day per grams DW nonedible]. Cowpeas were grown in a greenhouse for leaf-only harvest at 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, or 99 plants/m2 and were harvested 20, 30, 40, or 50 days after planting (DAP). Shoot and edible dry weights increased as plant density and time to harvest increased. A maximum of 1189 g shoot DW/m2 and 594 g edible DW/m2 were achieved at an estimated plant density of 85 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAP. EYR also increased as plant density and time to harvest increased. An EYR of 11 g m-2 day-1 was predicted to occur at 86 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAP. SHI and YER were not affected by plant density. However, the highest values of SHI (64%) and YER (1.3 g m-2 day-1 g-1) were attained when cowpeas were harvested 20 DAP. The average fat and ash contents [dry-weight basis (dwb)] of harvested leaves remained constant regardless of harvest time. Average protein content increased from 25% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP. Carbohydrate content declined from 50% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP. Total dietary fiber content (dwb) of the leaves increased from 19% to 26% as time to harvest increased from 20 to 50 days.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and edible dry weights of cowpea increased with plant density and time to harvest.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- plant density and time to harveste1
- Outcome
- Shoot and edible dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e1“Shoot and edible dry weights increased as plant density and time to harvest increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum shoot dry weight of cowpea was 1189 g/m2 at 85 plants/m2 and 50 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- shoot DWe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 1189 g shoot DW/m2e2
- Qualifier
- at an estimated plant density of 85 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e2“A maximum of 1189 g shoot DW/m2 and 594 g edible DW/m2 were achieved at an estimated plant density of 85 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum edible dry weight of cowpea was 594 g/m2 at 85 plants/m2 and 50 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- edible DWe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 594 g edible DW/m2e2
- Qualifier
- at an estimated plant density of 85 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e2“A maximum of 1189 g shoot DW/m2 and 594 g edible DW/m2 were achieved at an estimated plant density of 85 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Edible yield rate of cowpea increased with plant density and time to harvest.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- plant density and time to harveste3
- Outcome
- EYRe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e3“EYR also increased as plant density and time to harvest increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The model predicted an edible yield rate of 11 g m-2 day-1 at 86 plants/m2 and 50 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- EYRe4
- Value
- 11 g m-2 day-1e4
- Qualifier
- predicted to occur at 86 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAPe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e4“An EYR of 11 g m-2 day-1 was predicted to occur at 86 plants/m2 and harvest 50 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density did not affect the shoot harvest index or yield-efficiency rate of cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- plant densitye5
- Outcome
- SHI and YERe5
- Direction
- not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e5“SHI and YER were not affected by plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest shoot harvest index of cowpea (64%) was reached when harvested 20 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- SHIe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 64%e6
- Qualifier
- when cowpeas were harvested 20 DAPe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e6“the highest values of SHI (64%) and YER (1.3 g m-2 day-1 g-1) were attained when cowpeas were harvested 20 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield-efficiency rate of cowpea (1.3 g m-2 day-1 g-1) was reached when harvested 20 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- YERe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 1.3 g m-2 day-1 g-1e6
- Qualifier
- when cowpeas were harvested 20 DAPe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e6“the highest values of SHI (64%) and YER (1.3 g m-2 day-1 g-1) were attained when cowpeas were harvested 20 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Fat and ash contents of harvested cowpea leaves remained constant regardless of harvest time.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- harvested leavese7
- Treatment
- harvest timee7
- Outcome
- fat and ash contentse7
- Direction
- remained constante7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e7“The average fat and ash contents [dry-weight basis (dwb)] of harvested leaves remained constant regardless of harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content of cowpea leaves increased from 25% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Average protein contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 45% DW at 50 DAPe1
- Qualifier
- from 25% DW at 30 DAPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e1“Average protein content increased from 25% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate content of cowpea leaves declined from 50% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Carbohydrate contente1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Value
- 45% DW at 50 DAPe1
- Qualifier
- from 50% DW at 30 DAPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e1“Carbohydrate content declined from 50% DW at 30 DAP to 45% DW at 50 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dietary fiber content of cowpea leaves increased from 19% to 26% as harvest time increased from 20 to 50 days.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- Total dietary fiber contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 19% to 26%e1
- Qualifier
- as time to harvest increased from 20 to 50 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Leaf Yield”
e1“Total dietary fiber content (dwb) of the leaves increased from 19% to 26% as time to harvest increased from 20 to 50 days”
The same questions in other papers
density · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.