Abstract
We compared the effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species. We sampled the seedbank before and after cropping. During the season we counted plants and measured seed rain and biomass. Ratios of densities were used to calculate emergence, survival, reproduction and seedbank change. Treatments significantly affected the biomass of six species in beet, eight in maize and five in spring oilseed rape. The effects were generally consistent, with biomass lower in GMHT beet and spring oilseed rape and higher in GMHT maize. With few exceptions, emergence was higher in GMHT crops. Subsequent survival was significantly lowered for eight species in beet and six in spring oilseed rape in the GMHT treatments. It was increased for five species in maize and one in spring oilseed rape. Significant effects on seedbank change were found for four species. However, for many species in beet and spring oilseed rape (19 out of 24 cases), seed densities were lower in the seedbank after GMHT cropping. These differences compounded over time would result in large decreases in population densities of arable weeds. In maize, populations may increase.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management significantly affected weed biomass in six species in beet.
- Taxon
- beet
Beta vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Treatmentse0
- Interactor
- six speciese0weed
- Outcome
- biomass of six speciese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments significantly affected the biomass of six species in beet”
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management significantly affected weed biomass in eight species in maize.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eight in maize”
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e1“Treatments significantly affected the biomass of six species in beet, eight in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management significantly affected weed biomass in five species in spring oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- Treatmentse0
- Interactor
- speciese0weed
- Outcome
- biomasse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“Treatments significantly affected the biomass of six species in beet, eight in maize and five in spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was lower in GMHT beet and spring oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- beet and spring oilseed rapeBrassica napusBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- GMHTe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“biomass lower in GMHT beet and spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was higher in GMHT maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“higher in GMHT maize”
e1“biomass lower in GMHT beet and spring oilseed rape and higher in GMHT maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed emergence was generally higher in GMHT crops.
- Taxon
- beet, maize and spring oilseed rapeBrassica napus
Zea maysBeta vulgarist0 - Treatment
- GMHT cropse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- With few exceptionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“With few exceptions, emergence was higher in GMHT crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management significantly lowered survival of eight weed species in beet.
- Taxon
- beetBeta vulgarist0
- Treatment
- GMHT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“survival was significantly lowered for eight species in beet and six in spring oilseed rape in the GMHT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management significantly lowered survival of six weed species in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GMHT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“survival was significantly lowered for eight species in beet and six in spring oilseed rape in the GMHT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management increased survival of five weed species in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“It was increased for five species in maize and one in spring oilseed rape.”
e1“in the GMHT treatments”
e2“Subsequent survival”
Claim · model-written summary
GMHT management increased survival of one weed species in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GMHTe1
- Outcome
- survivale2
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“It was increased for five species in maize and one in spring oilseed rape.”
e1“in the GMHT treatments”
e2“Subsequent survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedbank change significantly differed for four weed species.
- Taxon
- beet, maize and spring oilseed rapeBrassica napusZea maysBeta vulgarist0
- Outcome
- seedbank changee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“Significant effects on seedbank change were found for four species.”
Claim · model-written summary
After GMHT beet and oilseed rape cropping, seedbank densities were lower in 19 of 24 cases.
- Taxon
- beet and spring oilseed rapeBrassica napusBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- GMHT croppinge0
- Outcome
- seed densitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19 out of 24 casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“for many species in beet and spring oilseed rape (19 out of 24 cases), seed densities were lower in the seedbank after GMHT cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors projected large future declines in arable weed populations from compounded differences.
- Taxon
- beet, maize and spring oilseed rapeBrassica napusZea maysBeta vulgarist0
- Outcome
- population densities of arable weedse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“These differences compounded over time would result in large decreases in population densities of arable weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, weed populations may increase.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species.”
e0“In maize, populations may increase.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 143 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.