Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides from the chemical families of sulfonylureas and imidazolinones are used worldwide. However, drift or sprayer contamination from some sulfonylurea herbicides causes a high level of male sterility in cruciferous species, especially oilseed rape (OSR). In this paper, we evaluated the gametocidal effects of 27 ALS-inhibiting herbicides that were sprayed on OSR plants at the bolting stage. RESULTS: OSR anther development was very sensitive to sublethal exposure to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The application of 18 out of the 20 tested sulfonylureas (except ethametsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron), two imidazolinones (imazethapyr and imazamox), and one sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone-sodium) at suitable rates could induce male sterility. Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins. These eight chemicals could be used as new gametocides for hybrid seed production. This study also examined the possibility of external application of these gametocides on several unstable Polima cytoplasmic male sterile and thermosensitive genic male sterile lines. Although the outcrossed seed set of the treated lines was slightly reduced, the gametocide application significantly increased the seed purity of the resulting hybrid. CONCLUSION: The finding of the gametocidal effects of most sulfonylureas and imidazolinones are of great importance for developing new functions for ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The application of gametocides will also greatly promote the safe utilization of environment-sensitive male sterility in hybrid seed production. Unexpectedly, the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth. This result suggests that inhibition of ALS activity does not always lead to male sterility in plants, and these gametocides may also inhibit other biological functions vital for microspore development.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
OSR anther development was sensitive to sublethal ALS-inhibiting herbicide exposure.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“OSR anther development was very sensitive to sublethal exposure to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
sulfonylureas could induce male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- sulfonylurease0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The application of 18 out of the 20 tested sulfonylureas (except ethametsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron), two imidazolinones (imazethapyr and imazamox), and one sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone-sodium) at suitable rates could induce male sterility.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
imidazolinones could induce male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- imidazolinonese0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 18 out of the 20 tested sulfonylureas (except ethametsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron), two imidazolinones (imazethapyr and imazamox), and one sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone-sodium) at suitable rates could induce male sterility.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
flucarbazone-sodium could induce male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- flucarbazone-sodiume0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 18 out of the 20 tested sulfonylureas (except ethametsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron), two imidazolinones (imazethapyr and imazamox), and one sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone-sodium) at suitable rates could induce male sterility.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorsulfuron at 60-120 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 60-120 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
halosulfuron-methyl at 300-600 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- halosulfuron-methyle0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 300-600 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
sulfosulfuron at 400-600 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- sulfosulfurone0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 400-600 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
triflusulfuron-methyl at 500-750 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- triflusulfuron-methyle0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 500-750 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 150-225 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- pyrazosulfuron-ethyle0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 150-225 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
nicosulfuron at 200-300 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 200-300 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
imazethapyr at 750-1125 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 750-1125 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
imazamox at 400-800 mg/ha could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 400-800 mg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60-120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300-600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400-600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500-750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150-225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200-300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750-1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400-800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Gametocide treatment slightly reduced outcrossed seed set in the treated male sterile lines.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- gametocide applicatione0
- Outcome
- outcrossed seed sete0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the outcrossed seed set of the treated lines was slightly reduced, the gametocide application significantly increased the seed purity of the resulting hybrid.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Gametocide application significantly increased hybrid seed purity.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- gametocide applicatione0
- Outcome
- seed puritye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the outcrossed seed set of the treated lines was slightly reduced, the gametocide application significantly increased the seed purity of the resulting hybrid.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
florasulam did not cause male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- florasulame0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
flumetsulam did not cause male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- flumetsulame0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
penoxsulam did not cause male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
bispyribac-sodium did not cause male sterility in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth.”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
These herbicides inhibited ALS activity and plant growth.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- these herbicidese0
- Outcome
- activity of ALS and plant growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth.”
t0“oilseed rape”
The same questions in other papers
chlorsulfuron · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Imazethapyr · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
imazamox · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.