Abstract
Abstract Background The aim of this experiment was to analyze the alleviation mechanism of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) on peanut seedlings under Fe deficiency. The effects of SA and SNP on iron uptake and availability, ions balance and oxidant damage were studied with foliar application of exogenous 1.0 mM SA (SA) or 2.5 mM SNP (SNP) or 0.5 mM SA+1.25 mM SNP [1/2(SA+SNP)] or 1.0 mM SA+2.5 mM SNP (SA+SNP). Results The results showed that after 21 days treatment, the peanut seedlings growing under iron deficiency conditions exhibited leaf interveinal chlorosis, and this iron-deficiency induced symptom was prevented by foliar application of SA, SNP, 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP. The increased contents of chlorophyll and active iron, and increased Fe accumulation in cell organelles were observed in SA+SNP treated young leaves, suggesting that an improvement of iron availability in plants. Moreover, the improved nutrient solution pH, increased H + -ATPase activity and increased iron concentration in roots in SA+SNP treated plants, suggesting that SA+SNP is effective in modulating iron uptake. Furthermore, the increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and decreased manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the leaves and roots of peanut indicated that SA+SNP stimulated the maintenance of ions disturbed by Fe deficiency. In addition, SA+SNP alleviated the increased accumulation of superoxide anion (O 2 •- ) generation rate and malondialdehyde (MDA), and modulated the antioxidant enzymes. Conclusions These results indicated that the interaction of SA and SNP promoted Fe uptake, translocation and activation; modulated the balance of mineral elements; and protected Fe deficiency induced oxidative stress. Therefore, SA and SNP had synergistic effects in alleviating chlorosis induced by Fe deficiency.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency caused leaf interveinal chlorosis in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Outcome
- leaf interveinal chlorosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“the peanut seedlings growing under iron deficiency conditions exhibited leaf interveinal chlorosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SA and SNP treatments prevented iron deficiency chlorosis, especially SA+SNP.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of SA, SNP, 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- iron-deficiency induced symptome0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“this iron-deficiency induced symptom was prevented by foliar application of SA, SNP, 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP increased chlorophyll and active iron content in young leaves.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophyll and active irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“The increased contents of chlorophyll and active iron, and increased Fe accumulation in cell organelles were observed in SA+SNP treated young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP increased Fe accumulation in cell organelles.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- Fe accumulation in cell organellese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“increased Fe accumulation in cell organelles were observed in SA+SNP treated young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP improved nutrient solution pH.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- nutrient solution pHe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“the improved nutrient solution pH, increased H + -ATPase activity and increased iron concentration in roots in SA+SNP treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP increased H + -ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- H + -ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“increased H + -ATPase activity and increased iron concentration in roots in SA+SNP treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP increased iron concentration in roots.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- iron concentration in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“increased iron concentration in roots in SA+SNP treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP increased Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations in peanut leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and decreased manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the leaves and roots of peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP decreased Mn and Cu concentrations in peanut leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“decreased manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the leaves and roots of peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP alleviated superoxide generation and malondialdehyde accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion (O 2 •- ) generation rate and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“SA+SNP alleviated the increased accumulation of superoxide anion (O 2 •- ) generation rate and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA+SNP modulated antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e0“SA+SNP alleviated the increased accumulation of superoxide anion (O 2 •- ) generation rate and malondialdehyde (MDA), and modulated the antioxidant enzymes”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.