Abstract
Management practices and cropping systems that serve as integrated weed management practices, and at the same time can contribute to improved soil quality, will be important for the sustainability of agricultural production systems. The objective of this study was to assess weed species population density under contrasting tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no tillage [NT]), residue burning (burn and no burn), and residue level (low and high) treatments after 5 and 6 yr of consistent management in a wheat–soybean double-crop production system. A field experiment was conducted from fall 2001 to fall 2007 in the Mississippi River Delta region of eastern Arkansas on a Calloway silt–loam. Weed assessments were conducted twice during the soybean growing season, before (early season) and after herbicide application (late season) in 2006 and 2007. Total weed density was greater under CT (513 plants m −2 ) than under NT (340 plants m −2 ) early in the growing season in 2006, but was greater under NT than CT late in the season in 2007, suggesting that the effectiveness of glyphosate on total weeds differs between CT and NT. Averaged across residue levels, grass species density was greatest in the NT–burn (68 to 167 plants m −2 ) combination and lowest in the NT–no-burn (41 to 63 plants m −2 ) early in the growing season in both years. Broadleaf density was greater early (200 to 349 plants m −2 ) than late (18 to 20 plants m −2 ) in the growing season under both CT and NT in 2006, but in 2007 broadleaf density did not differ by tillage treatment between seasons. Perennial weed density was greater in the burn (99 plants m −2 ) than in the no-burn (59 plants m −2 ) treatment in 2006. No tillage, no burning, and a high residue level appeared to contribute to the suppression of most weed species without reducing herbicide efficiency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Early 2006 total weed density was greater under CT than NT.
- Taxon
- Wheat–Soybean
Glycine max
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CTe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- Total weed densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 513 plants m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 340 plants m −2e0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total weed density was greater under CT (513 plants m −2 ) than under NT (340 plants m −2 ) early in the growing season in 2006”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Late 2007 total weed density was greater under NT than CT.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- greatere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was greater under NT than CT late in the season in 2007”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-season grass density was greatest with NT and burning.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT–burne0
- Interactor
- grass speciese0weed
- Outcome
- grass species densitye0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 68 to 167 plants m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grass species density was greatest in the NT–burn (68 to 167 plants m −2 ) combination”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-season grass density was lowest with NT and no burning.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT–no-burne0
- Outcome
- loweste0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 41 to 63 plants m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest in the NT–no-burn (41 to 63 plants m −2 ) early in the growing season in both years”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf density was greater early than late in 2006.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Broadleafe0weed
- Outcome
- Broadleaf densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 200 to 349 plants m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 18 to 20 plants m −2e0
- Comparator
- latee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadleaf density was greater early (200 to 349 plants m −2 ) than late (18 to 20 plants m −2 ) in the growing season under both CT and NT in 2006”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf density did not differ by tillage treatment between seasons in 2007.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmente0
- Interactor
- broadleafe0weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf densitye0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- between seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2007 broadleaf density did not differ by tillage treatment between seasons”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial weed density was greater with burning than no burning in 2006.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- burne0
- Interactor
- Perennial weede0weed
- Outcome
- Perennial weed densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 99 plants m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 59 plants m −2e0
- Comparator
- no-burne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Perennial weed density was greater in the burn (99 plants m −2 ) than in the no-burn (59 plants m −2 ) treatment in 2006”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage, no burning and high residue appeared to suppress most weeds without reducing herbicide efficiency.
- Taxon
- Wheat–SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- No tillage, no burning, and a high residue levele0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- suppression of most weed speciese0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage, no burning, and a high residue level appeared to contribute to the suppression of most weed species without reducing herbicide efficiency.”
t0“Wheat–Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
125 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
179 papers more in this group
See all 183 papers →fire · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
tillage · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →fire · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.