Abstract
One relatively under‐used manure management strategy employed by dairy farmers is to transport and apply manure onto the fields of nearby grain farmers. While this system offers advantages to both parties, little of the existing research on manure management has been conducted on grain farms. As part of an effort to link grain and livestock farms in southern Wisconsin, 20 on‐farm trials were conducted to study the agronomic and environmental effects of including manure in cash‐grain rotations. Manure was applied at a rate of approximately 107 m 3 ha −1 as slurry (11,000 gal acre −1 ) or 54 Mg ha −1 (24 ton acre −1 ) as a solid. Across‐site analysis indicated that the manured treatment increased corn ( Zea mays L.) yields significantly (alpha = 0.05), by 0.5 Mg ha −1 (11.5 vs. 11.0 Mg ha −1 ), with 67 kg ha −1 less purchased fertilizer N during the 3 yr of this study. However, there were environmental concerns: (i) Early fall manure spreading significantly increased fall nitrate (NO 3 ) levels in the manured plots (175 vs. 87 kg NO 3 –N ha −1 ); (ii) Following corn harvest, fall NO 3 levels were fairly low and equivalent between treatments with the exception of three sites where manuring resulted in significantly higher NO 3 –N; and (iii) Soil tests following corn harvest indicated a significant increase in soil test phosphorus (STP) on the manured plots. These results indicate that dairy manure can reduce fertilizer inputs although there is a risk of NO 3 –N leaching and P accumulation. Informal interviews were conducted with farmer‐participants following this study to asses current manure use.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Manure increased corn yield significantly by 0.5 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- manured treatmente0
- Outcome
- corn ( Zea mays L.) yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 11.5 vs. 11.0 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the manured treatment increased corn ( Zea mays L.) yields significantly (alpha = 0.05), by 0.5 Mg ha −1 (11.5 vs. 11.0 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Manured plots used 67 kg ha −1 less purchased fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- purchased fertilizer Ne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 67 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 67 kg ha −1 less purchased fertilizer N during the 3 yr of this study”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early fall manure spreading significantly raised fall nitrate levels.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Early fall manure spreadinge0
- Outcome
- fall nitrate (NO 3 ) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 175 vs. 87 kg NO 3 –N ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early fall manure spreading significantly increased fall nitrate (NO 3 ) levels in the manured plots (175 vs. 87 kg NO 3 –N ha −1 )”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest fall nitrate levels were low and equivalent between treatments except at three sites.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- fall NO 3 levelse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of three sitese0
- Comparator
- between treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following corn harvest, fall NO 3 levels were fairly low and equivalent between treatments with the exception of three sites where manuring resulted in significantly higher NO 3 –N”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At three sites, manure significantly raised postharvest nitrate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manuringe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 –Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- three sitese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three sites where manuring resulted in significantly higher NO 3 –N”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure significantly increased postharvest soil test phosphorus.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manured plotse0
- Outcome
- soil test phosphorus (STP)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil tests following corn harvest indicated a significant increase in soil test phosphorus (STP) on the manured plots”
t0“Corn”
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