Abstract
Abstract Manure from livestock is an important source of N for crop production in many areas, but efficient management of manure is critical to improve the economics of manure use and to minimize the impact on water quality. A field study was conducted on an Enosburg fine sandy loam (sandy over loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Mollic Haplaquent) in northwestern Vermont to evaluate the effect of dairy‐manure and N‐fertilizer application on corn ( Zea mays L.) yields and soil profile NO 3 in a silage production system. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of manure (0 and 9 Mg ha ‐1 , dry‐matter basis), N rate (56 and 112 kg ha ‐1 as NH 4 NO 3 ), and time of N application (planting or six‐leaf stage), as well as 0 and 168 kg N ha ‐1 rate at planting (with and without manure). Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure. Without manure, grain and silage yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha ‐1 rate in all years; with manure, N fertilizer did not increase yields significantly. Time of application had little or no effect on yield. Plant uptake of N followed a similar pattern but with somewhat more pronounced effects. A presidedress NO 3 soil test reflected N availability, as indicated by relative yields. Manure application rates were equivalent, in terms of yield response, to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha ‐1 in individual years, which represented 27 to 44% of the total manure N in the year of application. Sampling of the 1.5‐m soil profile before planting and after harvest showed increases in soil NO 3 that were related to the amounts of manure and fertilizer N applied. Some decreases in NO 3 were measured from fall to spring sampling times, but net losses were minimal where <60 kg ha ‐1 NO 3 ‐N was present in the fall. Application of manure resulted in similar or slightly lower soil profile NO 3 than agronomincally equivalent rates of fertilizer N.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased corn yields.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure increased corn yields.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased corn N uptake.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure increased corn N uptake.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Without manure, fertilizer N increased grain yield through 112 kg ha ‐1 in all years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha ‐1 ratee0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Without manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Without manure, grain and silage yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha ‐1 rate in all years”
Claim · model-written summary
Without manure, fertilizer N increased silage yield through 112 kg ha ‐1 in all years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha ‐1 ratee0
- Outcome
- silage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Without manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Without manure, grain and silage yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha ‐1 rate in all years”
Claim · model-written summary
With manure, N fertilizer did not significantly increase yields.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- with manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“with manure, N fertilizer did not increase yields significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Time of application had little or no yield effect.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Time of applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Time of application had little or no effect on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant N uptake followed a similar pattern with more pronounced treatment effects.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Plant uptake of Ne0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Plant uptake of N followed a similar pattern but with somewhat more pronounced effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Presidedress soil nitrate testing reflected N availability as indicated by yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- N availabilitye0
- Comparator
- relative yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“A presidedress NO 3 soil test reflected N availability, as indicated by relative yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure rates gave a yield response equivalent to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha ‐1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Manure application ratese0
- Outcome
- yield responsee0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Value
- 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha ‐1e0
- Qualifier
- 27 to 44% of the total manure Ne0
- Comparator
- fertilizer Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Manure application rates were equivalent, in terms of yield response, to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha ‐1 in individual years, which represented 27 to 44% of the total manure N in the year of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil profile nitrate increased with applied manure and fertilizer N amounts.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manure and fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- soil NO 3e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“increases in soil NO 3 that were related to the amounts of manure and fertilizer N applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall-to-spring soil nitrate decreases were measured.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- NO 3e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- fall to spring sampling timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Some decreases in NO 3 were measured from fall to spring sampling times”
Claim · model-written summary
Net nitrate losses were minimal with under 60 kg ha ‐1 fall NO3-N.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- net lossese0
- Direction
- minimale0
- Value
- <60 kg ha ‐1 NO 3 ‐Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“net losses were minimal where <60 kg ha ‐1 NO 3 ‐N was present in the fall”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure gave similar or slightly lower soil nitrate than equivalent fertilizer N.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- soil profile NO 3e0
- Direction
- similar or slightly lowere0
- Comparator
- fertilizer Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Application of manure resulted in similar or slightly lower soil profile NO 3 than agronomincally equivalent rates of fertilizer N”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.