Abstract
Introduction. Damage of citrus fruits by the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Weid. results in economic losses in Nigeria. The majority of the citrus producers are smallholders who are yet to adopt standard citrus production practices. A trial was therefore established in a savannah zone of Nigeria with a Southern Guinea agroecology to evaluate simple fruit fly control practices. Materials and methods. The efficacy of combining cultural practices such as removal of dropped fruits, changes of harvest period, and three applications of dimethoate/cypermethrine mixture in controlling fruit fly damage was tested on sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Valencia Late in 2000 and 2001. Results. Fruits attacked by C. capitata increased with fruit maturity and were positively correlated with the number of dropped fruits. Insecticide applications and removal of dropped fruits significantly reduced the number of fruits attacked by the fruit flies. Similarly, early harvesting at 50% fruit ripening significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of fruits attacked by the fruit flies when compared with the late harvesting at 90% ripening. The interactive effects of insecticide applications and the period of harvest significantly (P < 0.05) reduced attacks on fruits. Discussions. Judicious use of insecticides, periods of harvest and removal of fallen fruits reduce fruit fly damage. Late harvest and non-removal of fallen fruits constitute fruit fly reservoirs for the re-infestation of other clean fruits. Since the tested control methods were simple, they can be adopted by small-holders for the control of fruit flies.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit fly attacks increased with fruit maturity.
- Taxon
- C. capitata
Ceratitis capitatae0 - Organ / stage
- fruit maturitye0
- Interactor
- C. capitataCeratitis capitatae0pest
- Outcome
- Fruits attacked by C. capitatae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits attacked by C. capitata increased with fruit maturity and were positively correlated with the number of dropped fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit fly attacks were positively correlated with the number of dropped fruits.
- Interactor
- C. capitataCeratitis capitatae0pest
- Outcome
- Fruits attacked by C. capitatae0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Comparator
- number of dropped fruitse0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits attacked by C. capitata increased with fruit maturity and were positively correlated with the number of dropped fruits”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide applications significantly reduced fruit fly attacks.
- Treatment
- Insecticide applicationse0
- Interactor
- fruit fliese0pest
- Outcome
- number of fruits attacked by the fruit fliese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticide applications and removal of dropped fruits significantly reduced the number of fruits attacked by the fruit flies”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of dropped fruit significantly reduced fruit fly attacks.
- Treatment
- removal of dropped fruitse0
- Interactor
- fruit fliese0pest
- Outcome
- number of fruits attacked by the fruit fliese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticide applications and removal of dropped fruits significantly reduced the number of fruits attacked by the fruit flies”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting at 50% fruit ripening significantly reduced fruit fly attacks compared with harvesting at 90%.
- Treatment
- early harvesting at 50% fruit ripeninge0
- Interactor
- fruit fliese0pest
- Outcome
- number of fruits attacked by the fruit fliese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- late harvesting at 90% ripeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early harvesting at 50% fruit ripening significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of fruits attacked by the fruit flies when compared with the late harvesting at 90% ripening”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of insecticide application and harvest period significantly reduced fruit fly attacks.
- Treatment
- insecticide applications and the period of harveste0
- Outcome
- attacks on fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interactive effects of insecticide applications and the period of harvest significantly (P < 0.05) reduced attacks on fruits”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that judicious insecticide use, harvest timing and removal of fallen fruit reduce fruit fly damage.
- Outcome
- Judicious use of insecticides, periods of harvest and removal of fallen fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Judicious use of insecticides, periods of harvest and removal of fallen fruits reduce fruit fly damage”
t0“citrus”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · yield · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
stage · yield · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.