Abstract
The availability of good-quality irrigation water is decreasing worldwide, and salinity is an increasingly important agricultural problem. To determine whether detrimental effects of NaCl on plant growth and leaf physiology can be minimized by additional Ca 2+ supply, tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Supersweet 100’ was grown hydroponically. The basic nutrient solution contained 11.1 m m NO 3 − and 2.8 m m Ca 2+ . Three levels of NaCl (14.1, 44.4, and 70.4 m m ) were added to the basic solution to determine Na + effects on leaf physiology and growth. To determine if Ca 2+ could alleviate the toxic effects of Na + , treatments with 10 or 20 m m Ca 2+ combined with 44.4 or 70 m m NaCl were included as well. To distinguish between osmotic and ion-specific effects, there were three treatments in which all nutrient concentrations were increased (without NaCl) to obtain electrical conductivity (EC) levels similar to those of the NaCl treatments. Nutrient solutions with 70.4 m m NaCl reduced leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, gas-phase conductance, carboxylation efficiency, and dark-adapted quantum yield. Inclusion of 20 m m Ca 2+ prevented these effects of NaCl. NaCl also decreased leaf length and elongation rate. This could not be prevented by adding extra Ca 2+ to the solution; reductions in leaf elongation were due to osmotic effects rather than to Na + specifically. Likewise, plant dry weight was negatively correlated with solution EC, suggesting an osmotic effect. Leaf area development apparently was more important for dry matter accumulation than leaf photosynthesis. Adding 20 m m Ca 2+ to the 70 m m NaCl solution reduced the Na + concentration in the leaf from 79 to 24 mg·g −1 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
70.4 m m NaCl reduced leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and gas-phase conductance.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 70.4 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, gas-phase conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient solutions with 70.4 m m NaCl reduced leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, gas-phase conductance, carboxylation efficiency, and dark-adapted quantum yield.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
70.4 m m NaCl reduced carboxylation efficiency and dark-adapted quantum yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 70.4 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- carboxylation efficiency, and dark-adapted quantum yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient solutions with 70.4 m m NaCl reduced leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, gas-phase conductance, carboxylation efficiency, and dark-adapted quantum yield.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20 m m Ca 2+ prevented the measured adverse leaf physiological effects of NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20 m m Ca 2+e0
- Outcome
- these effects of NaCle0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of 20 m m Ca 2+ prevented these effects of NaCl.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased leaf length and elongation rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- leaf length and elongation ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl also decreased leaf length and elongation rate.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra Ca 2+ did not prevent reductions in leaf elongation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- adding extra Ca 2+e0
- Outcome
- reductions in leaf elongatione0
- Direction
- could not be preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This could not be prevented by adding extra Ca 2+ to the solution; reductions in leaf elongation were due to osmotic effects rather than to Na + specifically.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf elongation reductions were attributed to osmotic effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- reductions in leaf elongatione0
- Qualifier
- osmotic effects rather than to Na + specificallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions in leaf elongation were due to osmotic effects rather than to Na + specifically”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant dry weight was negatively correlated with solution EC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- solution ECe0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant dry weight was negatively correlated with solution EC”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area development was apparently more important for dry matter accumulation than photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Leaf area developmente0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Comparator
- leaf photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area development apparently was more important for dry matter accumulation than leaf photosynthesis.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 20 m m Ca 2+ to 70 m m NaCl reduced leaf Na + concentration from 79 to 24 mg·g −1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20 m m Ca 2+e0
- Outcome
- Na + concentration in the leafe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24 mg·g −1e0
- Qualifier
- from 79 to 24 mg·g −1e0
- Comparator
- 70 m m NaCl solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding 20 m m Ca 2+ to the 70 m m NaCl solution reduced the Na + concentration in the leaf from 79 to 24 mg·g −1 .”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
95 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
114 papers more in this group
See all 118 papers →calcium(2+) · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
calcium(2+) · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.