Abstract
Recent research has shown that chelant-assisted phytoextraction approaches often require a high dosage of chelant applied to soil. The present study focused on optimization of phytoremediation processes to increase the phytoextraction efficiency of metals at reduced chelant applications. Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of increased soil temperature on shoot uptake of heavy metals by corn (Zea mays L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiat L. Wilczek) from heavy metal-contaminated soils. After the application of S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, soils were exposed to high temperatures (50 or 80 degrees C) for 3 h, which significantly increased the concentration of heavy metals in shoots. The heating treatment 2 d after the chelant addition resulted in higher concentrations of metals compared with those treatments 2 d before or simultaneously with the chelant application. Irrigation with 100 degrees C water 2 d after the chelant addition, or irrigation with 100 degrees C chelant solutions directly, also resulted in significantly higher phytoextraction of metals in the two crops compared with 25 degrees C chelant solutions. In addition, a novel application method to increase soil temperature using underground polyvinyl chloride tubes would increase the chelant-assisted extraction efficiency of Cu approximately 10- to 14-fold in corn and fivefold in mung bean compared with those nonheating treatments. In a field experiment, increasing soil temperature 2 d after chelant addition also increased the shoot Cu uptake approximately fivefold compared with those nonheating treatments. This new technique may represent a potential, engineering-oriented approach for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heating chelant-treated soils significantly increased heavy metal concentrations in corn shoots.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- high temperatures (50 or 80 degrees C)e0
- Outcome
- concentration of heavy metals in shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the application of S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, soils were exposed to high temperatures (50 or 80 degrees C) for 3 h, which significantly increased the concentration of heavy metals in shoots.”
e1“shoot uptake of heavy metals by corn (Zea mays L.) and mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating two days after chelant addition produced higher metal concentrations than earlier or simultaneous heating.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- heating treatment 2 d after the chelant additione0
- Outcome
- concentrations of metalse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- those treatments 2 d before or simultaneously with the chelant applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The heating treatment 2 d after the chelant addition resulted in higher concentrations of metals compared with those treatments 2 d before or simultaneously with the chelant application.”
e1“shoot uptake of heavy metals by corn (Zea mays L.) and mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot-water or hot-chelant irrigation increased metal phytoextraction in both crops.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Irrigation with 100 degrees C water 2 d after the chelant additione0
- Outcome
- phytoextraction of metalse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 25 degrees C chelant solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with 100 degrees C water 2 d after the chelant addition, or irrigation with 100 degrees C chelant solutions directly, also resulted in significantly higher phytoextraction of metals in the two crops compared with 25 degrees C chelant solutions.”
e1“shoot uptake of heavy metals by corn (Zea mays L.) and mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Underground tube heating raised copper extraction about 10- to 14-fold in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- increase soil temperature using underground polyvinyl chloride tubese0
- Outcome
- chelant-assisted extraction efficiency of Cue0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10- to 14-folde0
- Comparator
- nonheating treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a novel application method to increase soil temperature using underground polyvinyl chloride tubes would increase the chelant-assisted extraction efficiency of Cu approximately 10- to 14-fold in corn and fivefold in mung bean compared with those nonheating treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Underground tube heating raised copper extraction fivefold in mung bean.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- increase soil temperature using underground polyvinyl chloride tubese0
- Outcome
- chelant-assisted extraction efficiency of Cue0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- fivefolde0
- Comparator
- nonheating treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a novel application method to increase soil temperature using underground polyvinyl chloride tubes would increase the chelant-assisted extraction efficiency of Cu approximately 10- to 14-fold in corn and fivefold in mung bean compared with those nonheating treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soil heating two days after chelant addition raised shoot copper uptake about fivefold.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- increasing soil temperature 2 d after chelant additione0
- Outcome
- shoot Cu uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- fivefolde0
- Comparator
- nonheating treatmentse0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a field experiment, increasing soil temperature 2 d after chelant addition also increased the shoot Cu uptake approximately fivefold compared with those nonheating treatments.”
e1“shoot uptake of heavy metals by corn (Zea mays L.) and mung bean”
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