Abstract
The short-term responses of leaf elongation to salinity are investigated in this study. The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs). After exposure to salinity (0 to 120 mol m−3 NaCl), leaf elongation rates (LER) declined rapidly. Within 4 h, LER had recovered and reached a new steady-state for all salinity treatments. These rates were reduced by 10, 20, and 60% of control rates by 40, 80 and 120 mol m−3 NaCl, respectively. Osmotic adjustment in the growing zone of leaves was correlated with the recovery of LER after plant exposure to salinity. However, after 4 h of exposure, the osmolality of the cell sap continued to increase without effect on steady-state LER. Estimates of the apparent turgor in the growing zone indicated that turgor was no longer limiting LER of salt-stressed plants after 4 h. An in vivo technique was developed to apply a unidirectional force to intact growing leaves of maize to mimic increases in elongation force. Relative elongation rate (RER) were increased by adding weights to the LVDT core to increase elongation force. Plots of RER as a function of elongation force gave estimates of two growth coefficients: the yield threshold and the yielding coefficient, mL/(m + L), where m is the cell wall extensibility and L is the hydraulic conductivity. RER as a function of elongation force was determined immediately, 05, 4, and 21 h after plants were salinized. Estimates of the growth coefficients indicated that the apparent yield threshold decreased immediately after salinization. However, when LER reached steady-state, the yield threshold of salt-stressed plants had increased above control values and was the only limiting growth coefficient. There were no significant effects of salinity on the yielding coefficients, cell wall extensibility or hydraulic conductivity. One of the advantages of this in vivo technique over other methods is that yield threshold, yielding coefficient, and cell wall extensibility can be determined without the confounding effects of wounding or osmotic stress. This technique may prove widely applicable to the study of other growth regulating factors.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf elongation rates declined rapidly after exposure to salinity.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e2“After exposure to salinity (0 to 120 mol m−3 NaCl), leaf elongation rates (LER) declined rapidly”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf elongation rates recovered within 4 h and reached a new steady state in all salinity treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e3“Within 4 h, LER had recovered and reached a new steady-state for all salinity treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf elongation rates were reduced by 10, 20 and 60% of control rates at 40, 80 and 120 mol m−3 NaCl, respectively.
- Treatment
- 40, 80 and 120 mol m−3 NaCle4
- Outcome
- ratese4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 10, 20, and 60%e4
- Qualifier
- respectivelye4
- Comparator
- control ratese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e4“These rates were reduced by 10, 20, and 60% of control rates by 40, 80 and 120 mol m−3 NaCl, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic adjustment in the growing zone of leaves was correlated with recovery of leaf elongation rate after salinity exposure.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e5“Osmotic adjustment in the growing zone of leaves was correlated with the recovery of LER after plant exposure to salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
After 4 h, osmolality of the cell sap kept increasing without effect on steady-state leaf elongation rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e6“However, after 4 h of exposure, the osmolality of the cell sap continued to increase without effect on steady-state LER”
Claim · model-written summary
Turgor was no longer limiting leaf elongation of salt-stressed plants after 4 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e7“Estimates of the apparent turgor in the growing zone indicated that turgor was no longer limiting LER of salt-stressed plants after 4 h”
Claim · model-written summary
The apparent yield threshold decreased immediately after salinization.
- Treatment
- salinizatione2
- Outcome
- apparent yield thresholde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- immediately after salinizatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e2“Estimates of the growth coefficients indicated that the apparent yield threshold decreased immediately after salinization”
Claim · model-written summary
When leaf elongation reached steady state, the yield threshold of salt-stressed plants increased above control values and was the only limiting growth coefficient.
- Treatment
- salt-stressed plantse2
- Outcome
- yield thresholde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- when LER reached steady-statee2
- Comparator
- control valuese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e2“However, when LER reached steady-state, the yield threshold of salt-stressed plants had increased above control values and was the only limiting growth coefficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity had no significant effect on the yielding coefficients, cell wall extensibility or hydraulic conductivity.
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- yielding coefficients, cell wall extensibility or hydraulic conductivitye2
- Direction
- no significant effectse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e2“There were no significant effects of salinity on the yielding coefficients, cell wall extensibility or hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The in vivo technique determines yield threshold, yielding coefficient and cell wall extensibility without the confounding effects of wounding or osmotic stress, unlike other methods.
Verbatim
e2“An in vivo technique was developed to apply a unidirectional force to intact growing leaves of maize to mimic increases in elongation force”
e3“One of the advantages of this in vivo technique over other methods is that yield threshold, yielding coefficient, and cell wall extensibility can be determined without the confounding effects of wounding or osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative elongation rate of maize leaves increased when weights were added to the LVDT core.
- Treatment
- adding weights to the LVDT coree2
- Outcome
- Relative elongation rate (RER)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kinetics of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf elongation were measured with Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)”
e2“Relative elongation rate (RER) were increased by adding weights to the LVDT core to increase elongation force”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 231 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
253 papers more in this group
See all 257 papers →salinity · cytology · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.