Abstract
The plant hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) play crucial roles in the signaling network that regulates induced defense responses against biotic stresses. Antagonism between SA and JA operates as a mechanism to fine-tune defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) was demonstrated to be required for SA-mediated suppression of JA-dependent defenses. Because ET is known to enhance SA/NPR1-dependent defense responses, we investigated the role of ET in the SA-JA signal interaction. Pharmacological experiments with gaseous ET and the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid showed that ET potentiated SA/NPR1-dependent PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 transcription, while it rendered the antagonistic effect of SA on methyl jasmonate-induced PDF1.2 and VSP2 expression NPR1 independent. This overriding effect of ET on NPR1 function in SA-JA cross talk was absent in the npr1-1/ein2-1 double mutant, demonstrating that it is mediated via ET signaling. Abiotic and biotic induction of the ET response similarly abolished the NPR1 dependency of the SA-JA signal interaction. Furthermore, JA-dependent resistance against biotic attackers was antagonized by SA in an NPR1-dependent fashion only when the plant-attacker combination did not result in the production of high levels of endogenous ET. Hence, the interaction between ET and NPR1 plays an important modulating role in the fine tuning of the defense signaling network that is activated upon pathogen and insect attack. Our results suggest a model in which ET modulates the NPR1 dependency of SA-JA antagonism, possibly to compensate for enhanced allocation of NPR1 to function in SA-dependent activation of PR genes.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene potentiated salicylate/NPR1-dependent PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- ETe0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 transcriptione0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ET potentiated SA/NPR1-dependent PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 transcription”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene made salicylate suppression of methyl jasmonate-induced PDF1.2 and VSP2 expression independent of NPR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- gaseous ETe1
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- PDF1.2 and VSP2 expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it rendered the antagonistic effect of SA on methyl jasmonate-induced PDF1.2 and VSP2 expression NPR1 independent”
e1“Pharmacological experiments with gaseous ET”
e2“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene override was absent in the npr1-1/ein2-1 double mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- npr1-1/ein2-1 double mutante0
- Outcome
- overriding effect of ET on NPR1 function in SA-JA cross talk was absente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This overriding effect of ET on NPR1 function in SA-JA cross talk was absent in the npr1-1/ein2-1 double mutant”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic and biotic ethylene induction abolished NPR1 dependence of SA-JA interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Abiotic and biotic induction of the ET responsee0
- Outcome
- NPR1 dependency of the SA-JA signal interactione0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abiotic and biotic induction of the ET response similarly abolished the NPR1 dependency of the SA-JA signal interaction.”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylate antagonized JA-dependent resistance in an NPR1-dependent manner only without high endogenous ethylene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Compound
- endogenous ETe0
- Outcome
- JA-dependent resistance against biotic attackerse0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA-dependent resistance against biotic attackers was antagonized by SA in an NPR1-dependent fashion only when the plant-attacker combination did not result in the production of high levels of endogenous ET”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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