Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Early flooding helps control weeds but reduces seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa). When combined with appropriate management practices, the use of genotypes that better tolerate flooding during emergence can enhance crop establishment in flood-prone areas. Management options include seed pre-treatment and we tested the influence of pre-soaking for 24 h prior to sowing or of priming (soaking for 24 or 48 h followed by drying). METHODOLOGY: The effects on seedling establishment after 21-day flooding of pre-soaking seeds for 24 h before sowing and/or of priming seeds were examined together with physiological responses connected with reactive oxygen scavenging. Seeds of four lines with contrasting abilities to tolerate flooding at the germination stage were compared. Seeds were primed using KCl solutions (48 h) or water (24 h) and pre-soaked using water. Lipid peroxidation and activities of reactive oxygen-scavenging enzymes were measured in seeds before sowing. Carbohydrate mobilization in germinating seeds and seedling growth were also monitored at intervals. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Seed pre-treatment by pre-soaking or by priming increased survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishment, especially in tolerant genotypes. Primed seeds had less lipid peroxidation and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities than non-primed seeds. Amylase activities and starch breakdown were also hastened in primed seeds. Survival after flooding was positively correlated with amylase activity but negatively correlated with the extent of lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-soaking and priming improved seedling establishment in flooded soil, enhanced the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species in seeds by increasing SOD and CAT activities, and hastened carbohydrate mobilization. Tolerant genotypes responded better to these treatments, emphasizing the effectiveness of combining genetic tolerance with appropriate seed pre-treatment to improve seedling establishment of rice sown in flooded soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-soaking increased survival and seedling establishment under flooding.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- pre-soakinge0
- Outcome
- survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially in tolerant genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed pre-treatment by pre-soaking or by priming increased survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishment, especially in tolerant genotypes.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased survival and seedling establishment under flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- priminge0
- Outcome
- survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed pre-treatment by pre-soaking or by priming increased survival of flooding and accelerated and improved seedling establishment, especially in tolerant genotypes.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Primed seeds had less lipid peroxidation than non-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Primed seedse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primed seeds had less lipid peroxidation and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities than non-primed seeds.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming raised SOD and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Primed seedse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primed seeds had less lipid peroxidation and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities than non-primed seeds.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming hastened amylase activity and starch breakdown.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- primed seedse0
- Outcome
- Amylase activities and starch breakdowne0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amylase activities and starch breakdown were also hastened in primed seeds.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival after flooding correlated positively with amylase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- amylasee0
- Outcome
- Survival after floodinge0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival after flooding was positively correlated with amylase activity but negatively correlated with the extent of lipid peroxidation.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival after flooding correlated negatively with lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Survival after floodinge0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- extent of lipid peroxidatione0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival after flooding was positively correlated with amylase activity but negatively correlated with the extent of lipid peroxidation.”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant genotypes responded better to seed pretreatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Tolerant genotypese0
- Outcome
- responded bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tolerant genotypes responded better to these treatments”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
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