Abstract
European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena, is a major disease in organic apple cultivation. No copper can be used in Denmark and the Netherlands to control the disease. Removal of cankers is the only remaining method to control the disease. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease. Experiments under high inoculum pressure showed a reduction in newly formed cankers of 57, 35 and 60 % with respect to untreated for 3 years respectively. The chemical standard thiophanate-methyl further reduced the number of newly formed cankers by 99, 60 and 89 % with respect to untreated for these 3 years respectively in these experiments. These results showed that slaked lime was less efficacious than the chemical standard under these high inoculum pressure circumstances. Demonstration experiments showed an efficacy of 70 and 68 % for slaked lime and 62 and 62 % for the conventional standard (carbendazim and captan) with respect to untreated controls in 2 years respectively. The demonstration experiments, done in commercial orchards and under normal inoculum pressure, showed a similar efficacy as the conventional standard. It is concluded that the use of slaked lime to control European fruit tree canker can contribute to a more economic organic apple and pear production in temperate climate zones.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Slaked lime applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha reduced newly formed cankers by 57, 35 and 60 % relative to untreated apple trees over 3 years under high inoculum pressure.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall periode1
- Interactor
- Nectria galligena
Neonectria galligenae0pathogen - Outcome
- newly formed cankerse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 57, 35 and 60 %e2
- Qualifier
- high inoculum pressuree2
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“Experiments under high inoculum pressure showed a reduction in newly formed cankers of 57, 35 and 60 % with respect to untreated for 3 years respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemical standard thiophanate-methyl reduced the number of newly formed cankers by 99, 60 and 89 % relative to untreated over 3 years under high inoculum pressure.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thiophanate-methyle2
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of newly formed cankerse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 99, 60 and 89 %e2
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“The chemical standard thiophanate-methyl further reduced the number of newly formed cankers by 99, 60 and 89 % with respect to untreated for these 3 years respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high inoculum pressure slaked lime was less efficacious than the chemical standard against canker.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- slaked limee2
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficaciouse2
- Direction
- less efficaciouse2
- Qualifier
- high inoculum pressuree2
- Comparator
- chemical standarde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“These results showed that slaked lime was less efficacious than the chemical standard under these high inoculum pressure circumstances”
Claim · model-written summary
In demonstration experiments in commercial orchards, slaked lime showed an efficacy of 70 and 68 % relative to untreated controls in 2 years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- slaked limee2
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 70 and 68 %e2
- Comparator
- untreated controlse2
- Setting
- commercial orchardse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“Demonstration experiments showed an efficacy of 70 and 68 % for slaked lime and 62 and 62 % for the conventional standard (carbendazim and captan) with respect to untreated controls in 2 years respectively”
e3“The demonstration experiments, done in commercial orchards and under normal inoculum pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
In demonstration experiments in commercial orchards, the conventional standard (carbendazim and captan) showed an efficacy of 62 and 62 % relative to untreated controls in 2 years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- conventional standard (carbendazim and captan)e2
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 62 and 62 %e2
- Comparator
- untreated controlse2
- Setting
- commercial orchardse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“Demonstration experiments showed an efficacy of 70 and 68 % for slaked lime and 62 and 62 % for the conventional standard (carbendazim and captan) with respect to untreated controls in 2 years respectively”
e3“The demonstration experiments, done in commercial orchards and under normal inoculum pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
In demonstration experiments in commercial orchards under normal inoculum pressure, slaked lime showed a similar efficacy as the conventional standard.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- slaked limee1
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- conventional standarde2
- Setting
- commercial orchardse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European fruit tree canker, caused by Nectria galligena”
e1“Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) was applied at 50 or 100 kg/ha three times during the leaf fall period to protect apple trees against the disease”
e2“The demonstration experiments, done in commercial orchards and under normal inoculum pressure, showed a similar efficacy as the conventional standard”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that slaked lime used against European fruit tree canker can contribute to more economic organic apple and pear production in temperate climate zones.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domestica
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Outcome
- more economic organic apple and pear productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the use of slaked lime to control European fruit tree canker can contribute to a more economic organic apple and pear production in temperate climate zones”
The same questions in other papers
calcium dihydroxide · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
thiophanate-methyl · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
captan · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →carbendazim · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.