Abstract
Root growth is influenced by soil nutrients and neighbouring plants, but how these two drivers affect root interactions and regulate plant growth dynamics is poorly understood. Here, interactions between the roots of maize (Zea mays) and faba bean (Vicia faba) are characterized. Maize was grown alone (maize) or with maize (maize/maize) or faba bean (maize/faba bean) as competitors under five levels of phosphorus (P) supply, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous P distribution. Maize had longer root length and greater shoot biomass and P content when grown with faba bean than with maize. At each P supply rate, faba bean had a smaller root system than maize but greater exudation of citrate and acid phosphatase, suggesting a greater capacity to mobilize P in the rhizosphere. Heterogeneous P availability enhanced the root-length density of maize but not faba bean. Maize root proliferation in the P-rich patches was associated with increased shoot P uptake. Increased P availability by localized P application or by the presence of faba bean exudation stimulated root morphological plasticity and increased shoot growth in maize in the maize/faba bean mixture, suggesting that root interactions of neighbouring plants can be modified by increased P availability.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grown with faba bean had longer roots than maize grown with maize.
- Treatment
- grown with faba beane0
- Interactor
- faba bean
Vicia fabae0other - Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- with maizee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize had longer root length and greater shoot biomass and P content when grown with faba bean than with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grown with faba bean had greater shoot biomass and P content than maize grown with maize.
- Treatment
- grown with faba beane0
- Interactor
- faba beanVicia fabae0other
- Outcome
- shoot biomass and P contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- with maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize had longer root length and greater shoot biomass and P content when grown with faba bean than with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean had a smaller root system than maize at each phosphorus supply rate.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- At each P supply ratee0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At each P supply rate, faba bean had a smaller root system than maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean exuded more citrate and acid phosphatase than maize at each phosphorus supply rate.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- exudation of citrate and acid phosphatasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- At each P supply ratee0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At each P supply rate, faba bean had a smaller root system than maize but greater exudation of citrate and acid phosphatase”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterogeneous phosphorus availability enhanced maize root-length density.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterogeneous P availability enhanced the root-length density of maize but not faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterogeneous phosphorus availability did not enhance faba bean root-length density.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Heterogeneous P availabilitye0
- Outcome
- root-length densitye0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterogeneous P availability enhanced the root-length density of maize but not faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize root proliferation in phosphorus-rich patches was associated with increased shoot phosphorus uptake.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize root proliferation in the P-rich patches was associated with increased shoot P uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Localized phosphorus application stimulated maize root morphological plasticity in the maize/faba bean mixture.
- Treatment
- localized P applicatione0
- Interactor
- faba beanVicia fabae0other
- Outcome
- root morphological plasticitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased P availability by localized P application or by the presence of faba bean exudation stimulated root morphological plasticity and increased shoot growth in maize in the maize/faba bean mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean exudation stimulated maize root morphological plasticity in the maize/faba bean mixture.
- Treatment
- presence of faba bean exudatione0
- Interactor
- faba beanVicia fabae0other
- Outcome
- root morphological plasticitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased P availability by localized P application or by the presence of faba bean exudation stimulated root morphological plasticity and increased shoot growth in maize in the maize/faba bean mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Localized phosphorus application increased maize shoot growth in the maize/faba bean mixture.
- Treatment
- localized P applicatione0
- Interactor
- faba beanVicia fabae0other
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased P availability by localized P application or by the presence of faba bean exudation stimulated root morphological plasticity and increased shoot growth in maize in the maize/faba bean mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean exudation increased maize shoot growth in the maize/faba bean mixture.
- Treatment
- presence of faba bean exudatione0
- Interactor
- faba beanVicia fabae0other
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased P availability by localized P application or by the presence of faba bean exudation stimulated root morphological plasticity and increased shoot growth in maize in the maize/faba bean mixture”
The same questions in other papers
Vicia faba · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →phosphorus · Vicia faba · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.