Abstract
The inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi was examined in a 16 y long nitrogen fertilization experiment maintained in a temperate oak savanna. To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays: (i) intact soil cores that measure inoculum such as spores, mycelia and mycorrhizal roots; (ii) resistant propagule bioassays that measure inoculum types resistant to soil drying; and (iii) previously mycorrhizal root bioassays that measure the ability of EM fungi to colonize new roots from mycorrhizal roots. Colonization of bur oak seedlings was characterized by morphotyping and where necessary by restriction analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays with species of Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula abundant. Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays with Cenococcum, a thelephoroid morphotype and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete abundant and frequent. In intact soil core bioassays total percent root colonization and number of morphotypes were not affected by N supply in 2000 and 2001. However the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply. Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots. Results suggest that in this savanna N supply can influence the kinds of inoculum propagules present and thereby might affect the dynamics of ectomycorrhizal communities by differentially influencing reproductive and colonization strategies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oak
Quercus macrocarpae1 - Interactor
- ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- morphotypese6
- Value
- Fourteene6
- Qualifier
- intact soil core bioassayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi was examined in a 16 y long nitrogen fertilization experiment maintained in a temperate oak savanna”
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e6“Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays”
Claim · model-written summary
Five ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Interactor
- ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- morphotypese7
- Value
- Fivee7
- Qualifier
- resistant propagule bioassayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi was examined in a 16 y long nitrogen fertilization experiment maintained in a temperate oak savanna”
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e7“Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased N supply did not affect total root colonization or morphotype number of bur oak in intact soil cores in 2000 and 2001.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Treatment
- N supplye2
- Outcome
- total percent root colonization and number of morphotypese2
- Direction
- not affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e2“In intact soil core bioassays total percent root colonization and number of morphotypes were not affected by N supply in 2000 and 2001”
Claim · model-written summary
The composition of EM fungi colonizing oak roots was different under increased N supply.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Treatment
- increased N supplye3
- Outcome
- composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling rootse3
- Direction
- differente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e3“the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Russula spp. were most abundant at the highest level of N supply.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Treatment
- highest level of N supplye3
- Outcome
- Russula spp.e3
- Direction
- most abundante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e3“the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Outcome
- colonize any rootse4
- Qualifier
- in resistant propagule bioassayse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e4“Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant Russula spp. did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Outcome
- colonize oak seedling rootse4
- Qualifier
- from previously mycorrhizal rootse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e4“Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that N supply can influence the kinds of inoculum propagules present in this savanna.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Treatment
- N supplye5
- Outcome
- kinds of inoculum propagulese5
- Setting
- this savannae5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e5“Results suggest that in this savanna N supply can influence the kinds of inoculum propagules present”
Claim · model-written summary
Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula were abundant species in intact soil core bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Interactor
- Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula
Russula
Cenococcum
Cortinariuse7symbiont - Outcome
- speciese7
- Qualifier
- abundante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e7“Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays with species of Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula abundant”
Claim · model-written summary
Cenococcum and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete were abundant and frequent in resistant propagule bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Interactor
- CenococcumCenococcume7symbiont
- Outcome
- morphotypese7
- Qualifier
- abundant and frequente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays”
e7“Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays with Cenococcum, a thelephoroid morphotype and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete abundant and frequent”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.