Abstract
The inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi was examined in a 16 y long nitrogen fertilization experiment maintained in a temperate oak savanna. To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays: (i) intact soil cores that measure inoculum such as spores, mycelia and mycorrhizal roots; (ii) resistant propagule bioassays that measure inoculum types resistant to soil drying; and (iii) previously mycorrhizal root bioassays that measure the ability of EM fungi to colonize new roots from mycorrhizal roots. Colonization of bur oak seedlings was characterized by morphotyping and where necessary by restriction analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays with species of Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula abundant. Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays with Cenococcum, a thelephoroid morphotype and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete abundant and frequent. In intact soil core bioassays total percent root colonization and number of morphotypes were not affected by N supply in 2000 and 2001. However the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply. Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots. Results suggest that in this savanna N supply can influence the kinds of inoculum propagules present and thereby might affect the dynamics of ectomycorrhizal communities by differentially influencing reproductive and colonization strategies.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oak
Quercus macrocarpae1 - Interactor
- Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula
Russula
Cenococcum
Cortinariuse0symbiont - Outcome
- Fourteen morphotypese0
- Value
- Fourteen morphotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays with species of Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula abundant.”
e1“To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Five ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Outcome
- Five morphotypese0
- Value
- Five morphotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays with Cenococcum, a thelephoroid morphotype and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete abundant and frequent.”
e1“To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization percentage and morphotype number were unaffected by nitrogen supply in intact soil cores in 2000 and 2001.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- total percent root colonization and number of morphotypese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In intact soil core bioassays total percent root colonization and number of morphotypes were not affected by N supply in 2000 and 2001.”
e1“To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen supply changed the composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing oak roots, with Russula most abundant at the highest supply.
- Treatment
- increased N supplye0
- Outcome
- composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling rootse0
- Direction
- differente0
QuercusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant Russula did not colonize roots in resistant propagule bioassays.
- Taxon
- bur oakQuercus macrocarpae1
- Outcome
- did not colonize any rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots.”
e1“To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant Russula colonized oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots.
- Outcome
- did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.