Abstract
As molecular interactions of plants with N2 -fixing endophytes are largely uncharacterized, we investigated whether the common signaling pathway (CSP) shared by root nodule symbioses (RNS) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses may have been recruited for the endophytic Azoarcus sp.-rice (Oryza sativa) interaction, and combined this investigation with global approaches to characterize rice root responses to endophytic colonization. Putative homologs of genes required for the CSP were analyzed for their putative role in endophytic colonization. Proteomic and suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) approaches were also applied, and a comparison of defense-related processes was carried out by setting up a pathosystem for flooded roots with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99 (Xoo). All tested genes were expressed in rice roots seedlings but not induced upon Azoarcus sp. inoculation, and the oscyclops and oscastor mutants were not impaired in endophytic colonization. Global approaches highlighted changes in rice metabolic activity and Ca(2+) -dependent signaling in roots colonized by endophytes, including some stress proteins. Marker genes for defense responses were induced to a lesser extent by the endophytes than by the pathogen, indicating a more compatible interaction. Our results thus suggest that rice roots respond to endophytic colonization by inducing metabolic shifts and signaling events, for which the CSP is not essential.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All tested CSP genes were expressed in rice root seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rice roots seedlingse0
- Gene
- genese0
- Outcome
- genes were expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested genes were expressed in rice roots seedlings but not induced upon Azoarcus sp. inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoarcus inoculation did not induce the tested genes in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Azoarcus sp. inoculatione0
- Outcome
- tested genese0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested genes were expressed in rice roots seedlings but not induced upon Azoarcus sp. inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The oscyclops and oscastor rice mutants were not impaired in endophytic colonization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- oscyclops and oscastor mutantse0
- Outcome
- endophytic colonizatione0
- Direction
- not impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the oscyclops and oscastor mutants were not impaired in endophytic colonization.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-colonized rice roots showed metabolic activity changes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice metabolic activitye0
- Direction
- changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global approaches highlighted changes in rice metabolic activity and Ca(2+) -dependent signaling in roots colonized by endophytes, including some stress proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-colonized rice roots showed changes in calcium-dependent signaling and stress proteins.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) -dependent signaling in roots colonized by endophytes, including some stress proteinse0
- Direction
- changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global approaches highlighted changes in rice metabolic activity and Ca(2+) -dependent signaling in roots colonized by endophytes, including some stress proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes induced rice defense marker genes less than the pathogen did.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- endophytese0
- Interactor
- the pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Marker genes for defense responsese0
- Direction
- to a lesser extente0
- Comparator
- the pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Marker genes for defense responses were induced to a lesser extent by the endophytes than by the pathogen, indicating a more compatible interaction.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that CSP is not essential for rice root responses to endophytic colonization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice rootse0
- Outcome
- metabolic shifts and signaling eventse0
- Qualifier
- CSP is not essentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results thus suggest that rice roots respond to endophytic colonization by inducing metabolic shifts and signaling events, for which the CSP is not essential.”
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inoculation · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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