Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt), is an economically important disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. In view of previous reports on suppression of the disease by organic amendments, and the expansion of organic agriculture, it was timely to compare the effects of organic and conventional management and various amendments on brown rot development in different soils (type: sand or clay; origin: Egypt or the Netherlands). Brown rot infection was only slightly reduced in organically compared to conventionally managed sandy soils from Egypt, but organic management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils. There was no correlation between disease incidence or severity and bacterial diversity in the potato rhizosphere in differently managed soils (as determined by 16S DGGE). NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils. Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population. However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment. Amendment with compost did not have a suppressive effect in any soil type. The absence of a disease suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to the already high availability of inorganic and organic nutrients in these soils. This study shows that the mechanism of disease suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens may vary strongly according to the soil type, especially if quite different types of soil are used.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management slightly reduced potato brown rot infection compared with conventional management in Egyptian sandy soils.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- organicallye1
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- Brown rot infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- conventionally managede1
- Setting
- sandy soils from Egypte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e1“Brown rot infection was only slightly reduced in organically compared to conventionally managed sandy soils from Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management significantly increased potato brown rot incidence and R. solanacearum survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- organic managemente2
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence and pathogen survivale2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- Dutch sandy and clay soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e2“organic management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato disease incidence in organic Dutch soils was associated with high DOC contents.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Compound
- DOC contentse2
- Outcome
- disease incidencee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e2“organic management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence or severity showed no correlation with bacterial diversity in the potato rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume3
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree3
- Outcome
- disease incidence or severitye3
- Direction
- no correlatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There was no correlation between disease incidence or severity and bacterial diversity in the potato rhizosphere in differently managed soils”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizatione4
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Setting
- conventional Egyptian soilse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e4“NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilization did not change bacterial wilt in Dutch soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizatione4
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Setting
- Dutch soilse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e4“NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure amendment significantly reduced potato brown rot incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Cow manure amendmente5
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- organic Dutch sandy soilse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e5“Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure amendment did not change the bacterial population in organic Dutch sandy soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Cow manure amendmente5
- Outcome
- bacterial populatione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Setting
- organic Dutch sandy soilse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e5“Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure reduced R. solanacearum densities in Egyptian sandy soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- cow manuree6
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume6pathogen
- Outcome
- densities of R. solanacearume6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Setting
- Egyptian sandy soilse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e6“However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial competition most probably explains the reduced R. solanacearum densities after cow manure.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- densities of R. solanacearume6
- Qualifier
- by microbial competitione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e6“However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
A clear shift in potato rhizosphere bacterial populations was detected by DGGE after manure amendment in Dutch sandy soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- clear shift in populationse6
- Setting
- Dutch sandy soilse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e6“However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost amendment had no suppressive effect on potato brown rot in any soil type.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- composte5
- Outcome
- suppressive effecte5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e5“Amendment with compost did not have a suppressive effect in any soil type”
Claim · model-written summary
The absence of a suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to high nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- mineral and organic fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- absence of a disease suppressive effecte7
- Qualifier
- high availability of inorganic and organic nutrientse7
- Setting
- Dutch clay soilse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt)”
e7“The absence of a disease suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to the already high availability of inorganic and organic nutrients in these soils”
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