Abstract
Changes in chemical composition, grain quality parameters, oxidoreductase and exopeptidase activities of wheat grains infested by Sitophilus granarius were monitored during 1 year of storage. Significant increase in flour titratable acidity of infested grains occurred by day 90. Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage. The data indicate that S. granarius infestation influenced chemical composition, quality parameters, as well as oxidoreductase and exopeptidase activity in wheat grains, but the extent of these changes was mostly detectable at higher levels of grain infestation. Among the examined parameters, flour titratable acidity and carboxypeptidase activity showed potential to be used as early indicators of grain infestation. Practical Applications Granary weevil, S. granarius, is one of the major grain-damaging insects. This primary infester feeds on grains as adult, or on grain endosperm as larvae causing significant economic losses, due to unsuitability of damaged grains for human food production. Although various methods of S. granarius detection in stored grains have been applied worldwide, there is still a need for cheap indicative methods for detecting insect infestation. This study investigating changes in chemical composition, quality parameters, oxidoreductase and exopeptidase activities during temporal development of infestation by S. granarius shows that flour titratable acidity and carboxypeptidase activity could be used as early indicators of wheat grain infestation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
flour titratable acidity changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation day 90.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Sitophilus granarius
Sitophilus granariust1pest - Outcome
- flour titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- day 90e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in flour titratable acidity of infested grains occurred by day 90.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
grain hectoliter weight changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation day 180.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- grain hectoliter weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- day 180e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
carboxypeptidase activity changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation day 240.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- carboxypeptidase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- day 240e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation day 270.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase and catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- day 270e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
total starch changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation day 270.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- total starche0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- day 270e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation between 300 and 360 days of storage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidasee0
- Qualifier
- between 300 and 360 days of storagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeleny sedimentation changed after Sitophilus granarius infestation between 300 and 360 days of storage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus granariusSitophilus granariust1pest
- Outcome
- Zeleny sedimentatione0
- Qualifier
- between 300 and 360 days of storagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequently, infestation was followed by decrease of grain hectoliter weight on day 180, decrease of carboxypeptidase activity on day 240, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased and total starch decreased on day 270, while significant changes of total protein content, extractable protein concentration, phenylalanyl-aminopeptidase and Zeleny sedimentation occurred between 300 and 360 days of storage.”
t0“wheat”
t1“Sitophilus granarius”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in wheat grain chemistry and quality were mostly detectable at higher infestation levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- S. granariusSitophilus granariuse0pest
- Outcome
- chemical composition, quality parameters, as well as oxidoreductase and exopeptidase activitye0
- Qualifier
- higher levels of grain infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data indicate that S. granarius infestation influenced chemical composition, quality parameters, as well as oxidoreductase and exopeptidase activity in wheat grains, but the extent of these changes was mostly detectable at higher levels of grain infestation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flour titratable acidity and carboxypeptidase activity were potential early indicators of grain infestation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- early indicators of grain infestatione0
- Comparator
- flour titratable acidity and carboxypeptidase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the examined parameters, flour titratable acidity and carboxypeptidase activity showed potential to be used as early indicators of grain infestation.”
t0“wheat”