Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of GA 3 on the flower stalk growth and yield components of artichokes grown during the summer-autumn period. Field experiments were set up with the artichoke cv. Imperial Star at two locations: at Imotski (43o15’N, 17o14’E) in May 2002 and 2003, and at Split (43o30’N, 16o30’E) in May 2002, May 2003 and June 2003. Plants were treated once or twice with three concentration of GA 3 (0, 15 or 30 mg . L -1 ), giving three combinations (0, 0+30 or 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 ). At both locations in both years, higher flower stalks were observed in plants treated with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 than in those treated with 0 or 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3 . Artichokes planted in May bolted from 82-100% after GA 3 application, while the percentage of the bolted plants from the June planting ranged from 0 for control plants to 45% when treated with 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3 , and 63% when treated with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 . Early yield (defined as the first three harvests) ranged from 0-4.6 t . ha -1 and increased by GA 3 treatment. Plants sprayed with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 produced higher early yields compared to plants that received the other treatments at both locations and in both years. The total yield of plants sprayed twice with GA 3 increased 20-100% as compared to the untreated plants. The application of GA 3 increased the number of heads (primary, secondary and total), while its impact on head weight was less pronounced. GA 3 application during the summer cultivation increased bolting and yield, especially under non-inductive conditions in the coastal area for the June planting.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with 30+15 mg/L GA3 had higher flower stalks than plants treated with 0 or 0+30 mg/L GA3.
- Taxon
- Globe artichoke
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0 - Material
- Imperial Stare1
- Treatment
- 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3e2
- Outcome
- flower stalkse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- At both locations in both yearse2
- Comparator
- 0 or 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3e2
- Setting
- Imotskie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e1“Field experiments were set up with the artichoke cv. Imperial Star at two locations: at Imotski”
e2“At both locations in both years, higher flower stalks were observed in plants treated with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 than in those treated with 0 or 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 treatment increased early yield of globe artichoke.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- GA 3 treatmente3
- Outcome
- Early yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 0-4.6 t . ha -1e3
- Qualifier
- defined as the first three harvestse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e3“Early yield (defined as the first three harvests) ranged from 0-4.6 t . ha -1 and increased by GA 3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants sprayed with 30+15 mg/L GA3 had higher early yields than plants given the other treatments.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3e4
- Outcome
- early yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- at both locations and in both yearse4
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e4“Plants sprayed with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3 produced higher early yields compared to plants that received the other treatments at both locations and in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants sprayed twice with GA3 had 20-100% higher total yield than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- sprayed twice with GA 3e5
- Outcome
- total yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 20-100%e5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e5“The total yield of plants sprayed twice with GA 3 increased 20-100% as compared to the untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application increased the number of primary, secondary and total heads of globe artichoke.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- application of GA 3e6
- Outcome
- number of headse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- primary, secondary and totale6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e6“The application of GA 3 increased the number of heads (primary, secondary and total), while its impact on head weight was less pronounced”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of GA3 on head weight of globe artichoke was less pronounced.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- application of GA 3e6
- Outcome
- impact on head weighte6
- Direction
- less pronouncede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e6“The application of GA 3 increased the number of heads (primary, secondary and total), while its impact on head weight was less pronounced”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application during summer cultivation increased bolting and yield of globe artichoke, especially in the coastal area for June planting.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione7
- Outcome
- bolting and yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- especially under non-inductive conditions in the coastal area for the June plantinge7
- Setting
- coastal areae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e7“GA 3 application during the summer cultivation increased bolting and yield, especially under non-inductive conditions in the coastal area for the June planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Globe artichoke planted in May bolted at 82-100% after GA3 application.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione1
- Outcome
- boltede1
- Value
- 82-100%e1
- Qualifier
- planted in Maye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e1“Artichokes planted in May bolted from 82-100% after GA 3 application”
Claim · model-written summary
Bolted plants of June-planted globe artichoke reached 45% with 0+30 mg/L GA3.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3e2
- Outcome
- bolted plantse2
- Value
- 45%e2
- Qualifier
- June plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e2“the percentage of the bolted plants from the June planting ranged from 0 for control plants to 45% when treated with 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3 , and 63% when treated with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Bolted plants of June-planted globe artichoke reached 63% with 30+15 mg/L GA3.
- Taxon
- Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3e2
- Outcome
- bolted plantse2
- Value
- 63%e2
- Qualifier
- June plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial Mediterranean crop that is mostly harvested during the spring”
e2“the percentage of the bolted plants from the June planting ranged from 0 for control plants to 45% when treated with 0+30 mg . L -1 GA 3 , and 63% when treated with 30+15 mg . L -1 GA 3”
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