Abstract
SUMMARY The effects of the ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 ‐ ) forms of nitrogen and NaCl on the growth, water relations and photosynthesis performance of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) were examined under glasshouse conditions. Eight‐day‐old plants of cv. Hisun 33 were subjected for 21 days to Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 8 mol m ‐3 N as NH 4 + or NO 3 ‐ , and salinised with 0, 60, or 120 mol m ‐3 NaCl. Fresh weights of shoots and roots, and leaf area of NO 3 ‐ supplied non‐salinised plants were significantly greater than those of NH 4 + ‐supplied non‐salinised plants. But addition of NaCl to the rooting medium of these plants had more inhibitory effect on the growth of NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants than on NH 4 + ‐supplied plants. Both leaf water and osmotic potentials of plants grown with NH 4 + were lower than those of plants given NO 3 ‐ under both non‐saline and saline conditions. Chlorophylls a and b concentrations were higher in plants grown with NH 4 + than N0 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants at the lower two levels of salinisation. The rate of photosynthesis in plants was considerably higher in non‐salinised plants grown with NO 3 ‐ than with NH 4 + , but with increase in salinisation the photosynthesis rate decreased in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants, but not in those given NH 4 + . The rate of transpiration was increased significantly by salinisation in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants, but not consistently so in NH 4 + ‐supplied plants. The stomatal conductances were much higher in plants given NO 3 ‐ than with NH 4 + when grown under non‐saline conditions, but not when salinised. As a consequence, water‐use efficiency in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied control plants was better than in NH 4 + ‐supplied under non‐saline conditions, but worse under saline conditions. The different forms of nitrogen and the addition of NaCl to the growing medium did not affect the relative intercellular concentrations of CO 2 (C i /C a ). Overall, the NH 4 + form of nitrogen inhibited the growth of sunflowers under non‐saline conditions, but NO 3 ‐ and NaCl interacted to inhibit growth more than did NH 4 + under saline conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Under nonsaline conditions nitrate-fed sunflower had greater shoot and root fresh weight and leaf area than ammonium-fed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- NO 3 ‐ suppliede0
- Outcome
- Fresh weights of shoots and roots, and leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- NH 4 + ‐suppliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weights of shoots and roots, and leaf area of NO 3 ‐ supplied non‐salinised plants were significantly greater than those of NH 4 + ‐supplied non‐salinised plants”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited growth more in nitrate-fed than ammonium-fed sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- NH 4 + ‐supplied plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of NaCl to the rooting medium of these plants had more inhibitory effect on the growth of NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants than on NH 4 + ‐supplied plants”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water and osmotic potentials were lower with ammonium than nitrate under saline and nonsaline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NH 4 +e0
- Outcome
- leaf water and osmotic potentialse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- NO 3 ‐e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both leaf water and osmotic potentials of plants grown with NH 4 + were lower than those of plants given NO 3 ‐ under both non‐saline and saline conditions”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll a and b concentrations were higher with ammonium than nitrate at the lower two salinity levels.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NH 4 +e0
- Outcome
- Chlorophylls a and b concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- N0 3 ‐ ‐supplied plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophylls a and b concentrations were higher in plants grown with NH 4 + than N0 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants at the lower two levels of salinisation”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-fed sunflower had higher photosynthesis than ammonium-fed plants without salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ‐e0
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NH 4 +e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of photosynthesis in plants was considerably higher in non‐salinised plants grown with NO 3 ‐ than with NH 4 +”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased photosynthesis in nitrate-fed sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increase in salinisatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increase in salinisation the photosynthesis rate decreased in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity did not decrease photosynthesis in ammonium-fed sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increase in salinisatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increase in salinisation the photosynthesis rate decreased in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants, but not in those given NH 4 +”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased transpiration in nitrate-fed sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salinisatione0
- Outcome
- rate of transpiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of transpiration was increased significantly by salinisation in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied plants”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nonsaline conditions stomatal conductance was higher with nitrate than ammonium.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ‐e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NH 4 +e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal conductances were much higher in plants given NO 3 ‐ than with NH 4 + when grown under non‐saline conditions”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-fed sunflower had better water-use efficiency than ammonium-fed plants without salinity but worse efficiency with salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- water‐use efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- but worse under saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water‐use efficiency in NO 3 ‐ ‐supplied control plants was better than in NH 4 + ‐supplied under non‐saline conditions, but worse under saline conditions”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen form and NaCl did not affect relative intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- different forms of nitrogen and the addition of NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative intercellular concentrations of CO 2e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different forms of nitrogen and the addition of NaCl to the growing medium did not affect the relative intercellular concentrations of CO 2 (C i /C a )”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
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13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.