Abstract
Defender against cell death (DAD) genes are known to function as negative regulators of cell death in animals. In plants, DAD orthologs are conserved but their role in cell death regulation is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat. The predicted amino acid sequence of TaDAD2 contains typical structural features of DAD proteins, including a signal peptide, three transmembrane regions, and a subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase. Transcripts of TaDAD2 were detected in wheat leaves, culms, roots, florets, and spikelets. The expression level of TaDAD2 was reduced in the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus, subsequently induced and peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi), gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi, and restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi. In addition, TaDAD2 exhibited positive transcriptional responses to abiotic stresses after the initial reduction at 1 hpi. Overexpression of TaDAD2 in tobacco leaves inhibited cell death. Furthermore, knocking down TaDAD2 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of wheat cv. Suwon11 to avirulent race CYR23 and reduced necrotic area at the infection sites. These results indicate that TaDAD2 may function as a suppressor of cell death in the early stages of wheat-stripe rust fungus interaction. However, it is dispensable for or plays an opposite role in hypersensitive response or cell death triggered by an avirulent race of stripe rust fungus at late-infection stages.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
TaDAD2 transcripts were detected in wheat leaves, culms, roots, florets and spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- leaves, culms, roots, florets, and spikeletse1
- Gene
- TaDAD2e1
- Outcome
- Transcripts of TaDAD2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transcripts of TaDAD2 were detected in wheat leaves, culms, roots, florets, and spikelets”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of TaDAD2 was reduced at the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse2pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e2
- Outcome
- expression level of TaDAD2e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e2“The expression level of TaDAD2 was reduced in the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus, subsequently induced and peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi), gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi, and restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of TaDAD2 was induced and peaked at 18 hpi with the stripe rust fungus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse2pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e2
- Outcome
- expression level of TaDAD2e2
- Direction
- inducede2
- Qualifier
- peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e2“The expression level of TaDAD2 was reduced in the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus, subsequently induced and peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi), gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi, and restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of TaDAD2 gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi after stripe rust inoculation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse2pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e2
- Outcome
- expression level of TaDAD2e2
- Direction
- gradually reducede2
- Qualifier
- at 24 to 48 hpie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e2“The expression level of TaDAD2 was reduced in the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus, subsequently induced and peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi), gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi, and restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of TaDAD2 was restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi after stripe rust inoculation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse2pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e2
- Outcome
- expression level of TaDAD2e2
- Direction
- restorede2
- Qualifier
- to control level at 72 to 120 hpie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e2“The expression level of TaDAD2 was reduced in the initial contact with the stripe rust fungus, subsequently induced and peaked at 18 h postinoculation (hpi), gradually reduced at 24 to 48 hpi, and restored to control level at 72 to 120 hpi”
Claim · model-written summary
TaDAD2 transcription showed positive responses to abiotic stresses in wheat after an initial reduction at 1 hpi.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- abiotic stressese6
- Gene
- TaDAD2e6
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsese6
- Direction
- positivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e6“TaDAD2 exhibited positive transcriptional responses to abiotic stresses after the initial reduction at 1 hpi”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of TaDAD2 in tobacco leaves inhibited cell death.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume7 - Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- Overexpression of TaDAD2e7
- Gene
- TaDAD2e7
- Outcome
- cell deathe7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Overexpression of TaDAD2 in tobacco leaves inhibited cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking down TaDAD2 by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of wheat cv. Suwon11 to avirulent race CYR23.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- cv. Suwon11e3
- Treatment
- knocking down TaDAD2 expression by virus-induced gene silencinge3
- Interactor
- avirulent race CYR23e3pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e3
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“knocking down TaDAD2 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of wheat cv. Suwon11 to avirulent race CYR23 and reduced necrotic area at the infection sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking down TaDAD2 by virus-induced gene silencing reduced the necrotic area at the infection sites of wheat cv. Suwon11.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- cv. Suwon11e3
- Treatment
- knocking down TaDAD2 expression by virus-induced gene silencinge3
- Interactor
- avirulent race CYR23e3pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e3
- Outcome
- necrotic areae3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- at the infection sitese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“knocking down TaDAD2 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of wheat cv. Suwon11 to avirulent race CYR23 and reduced necrotic area at the infection sites”
Claim · model-written summary
TaDAD2 may function as a suppressor of cell death in the early stages of wheat and stripe rust fungus interaction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse4pathogen
- Gene
- TaDAD2e4
- Outcome
- cell deathe4
- Qualifier
- as a suppressor of cell death in the early stagese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e4“These results indicate that TaDAD2 may function as a suppressor of cell death in the early stages of wheat-stripe rust fungus interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
TaDAD2 is dispensable for or plays an opposite role in hypersensitive response or cell death triggered by an avirulent race of stripe rust fungus at late-infection stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- stripe rust funguse5pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response or cell deathe5
- Qualifier
- dispensable for or plays an opposite rolee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e5“it is dispensable for or plays an opposite role in hypersensitive response or cell death triggered by an avirulent race of stripe rust fungus at late-infection stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The predicted TaDAD2 protein has typical structural features of DAD proteins, including a signal peptide, three transmembrane regions and a subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- TaDAD2e6
- Outcome
- typical structural features of DAD proteinse6
- Qualifier
- a signal peptide, three transmembrane regions, and a subunit of oligosaccharyltransferasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat”
e6“The predicted amino acid sequence of TaDAD2 contains typical structural features of DAD proteins, including a signal peptide, three transmembrane regions, and a subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase”
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loss of function · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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